T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 8 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 tinh vi. Nh\u00ecn qua k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng c\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Trong m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t. gi\u1eefa t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00f4 m\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u do nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed phospho v\u00e0 protein s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c xinh \u0111\u1eb9p bao<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ec3 golgi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e0ng nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ty th\u1ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ed7 nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ribosom tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ribosom t\u1ef1 do<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trung th\u1ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ngu\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed b\u1ecdc ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Do nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed phospholipid v\u00e0 protein lu\u00f4n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi\u1ebfn \u201cchi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft chung quanh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u00fang v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n qu\u00fd v\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u201cnh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng m\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d n\u00e0y x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m trong m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, quanh nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0o quan c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c b\u00e0o quan n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u00e1c b\u00e0o quan n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang chi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho ch\u00fang nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ty th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Tuy b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Ribosom l\u00e0 b\u00e0o quan c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ty th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t protein. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 golgi, trung th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n hay g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau, khi\u1ebfn cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ec9a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7, l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n chia nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t trong nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. Trong nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1ecbch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n, trong d\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ch nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3. s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh s\u1ee3i m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhu\u1ed9m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi DNa(*) v\u00e0 protein c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. Trong \u0111\u00f3 DNa c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang mang nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. gi\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cgien\u201d. V\u00ec th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung gien li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 8 – Arkady Leokum Nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 tinh vi. Nh\u00ecn qua k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15196"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15197,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15196\/revisions\/15197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}