T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 8 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh – \u00f4ng robert Hooke. N\u0103m 1665, v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y non \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u00e1t m\u1ecfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng ng\u0103n nh\u1ecf h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ong n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t nhau. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u0103n nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XiX, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb l\u00fac t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 174 n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y nay k\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 800.000 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ch\u00fang ta ngao du v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan t\u00ean l\u00e0 Leeuwenhoek. C\u0169ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Leeuwenhoek kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. Thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi c\u1ee7a Robert Hooke v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1t m\u1ecfng c\u00e2y non \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, 16 tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda ti\u1ec7m th\u1ea3m tr\u1ea3i n\u1ec1n. Trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i. sau khi m\u00e3n h\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1, 22 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n th\u01b0 k\u00fd trong t\u00f2a th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110em hai th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh n\u00e0y g\u1eafn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u1ecdng kim lo\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i l\u1eafp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n 300 l\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3, Leeuwenhoek \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt m\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kinh ng\u1ea1c. N\u0103m 1669, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i khoa h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia anh. B\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eadu hoa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, sau b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nguy\u00ean sinh, n\u1ebfu th\u00eam v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Leeuwenhoek \u0111ang quan s\u00e1t k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n do Leeuwenhoek ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ecdt rau nghi\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nguy\u00ean sinh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra vi tr\u00f9ng, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v.v\u2026 \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u b\u1ef1a r\u0103ng l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb khoang mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng l\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t vi sinh v\u1eadt h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c Leeuwenhoek ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi sinh v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 8 – Arkady Leokum Trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15202"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15203,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15202\/revisions\/15203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}