T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 9 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong l\u00fac Alfred l\u00e0m vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn khu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i Anh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Normand t\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng t\u1eebng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng vua Alfred ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch \u0111em v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n c\u1eaft ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch b\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 h\u1eb3n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Normand qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u m\u00e3i, \u00f4ng \u0111em m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Normand \u1edf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Normand c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 lu\u00f4n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Normand d\u00e1m x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t gan d\u1ea1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m t\u00ean l\u00e0 Rollon. Vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t cho Rollon th\u00ec Rollon ph\u1ea3i h\u00f4n ch\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng sai m\u1ed9t t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi tay \u00f4ng thay \u00f4ng \u0111i h\u00f4n ch\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ec7nh \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1eafn ta l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00f3, trong khi h\u00f4n ch\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1eafn nh\u1ecfng ch\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao khi\u1ebfn vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p t\u00e9 ch\u1ecfng g\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 vua Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Normand sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Normandy, hi\u1ec7n nay n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Normandy. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Norman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1066 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb Normandy. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 William, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Rollon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh William c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng, \u00fd ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u00f4ng cai tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eafn t\u00ean r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi. Chi\u1ebfc cung \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u1eb7ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c gi\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, William ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch nhau c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t eo bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n qua eo bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
May sao c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Anh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Harold, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u s\u00e1t b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Normandy. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra Harold v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u00f4ng d\u00e2ng n\u1ea1p cho William. Bi\u1ebft sau n\u00e0y Harold s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, William c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y Anh qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3 Harold v\u1ec1, \u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9a, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y \u00f4ng l\u00e0m vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh th\u00ec \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i giao Anh qu\u1ed1c cho William. William bu\u1ed9c Harold ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u1ea3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Anh qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m vua, Harold b\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
William nghe tin Harold \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, b\u00e8n l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t eo bi\u1ec3n, c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea5y Anh qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i William, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng vua Harold \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u00fang t\u00ean ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn. Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Hasting (Battle of Hastings). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
William ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y gi\u00e1ng sinh n\u0103m 1066, \u00f4ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 William Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chinh Ph\u1ee5c (William the Conqueror), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc Normandy chinh ph\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh (Norman Conquest).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
William chia n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf. \u00d4ng ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai cho gi\u1edbi qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh. gi\u1edbi qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c b\u00e8n x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh l\u0169y tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho. \u1ede b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Thames, Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n, William c\u0169ng x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh cho m\u00ecnh. T\u00f2a th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 William ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1eebng s\u1eefng. \u0110\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n (Tower of London).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
William l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i ba, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd. \u00d4ng ph\u00e2n chia n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh ra t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c, l\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 h\u1ecd t\u00ean, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u1ea5y d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con tr\u00e2u con l\u1ee3n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
William v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 an ninh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u1ec7nh \u201cgi\u1edbi nghi\u00eam\u201d. M\u1ed7i t\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng gi\u00f3ng l\u00ean, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e8n \u0111u\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u1eaft, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ng\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00f3i chung, William tuy l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng cai tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n Anh an c\u01b0 l\u1ea1c nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 9 – Arkady Leokum Trong l\u00fac Alfred l\u00e0m vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn khu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i Anh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Normand t\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng t\u1eebng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng vua Alfred […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15386"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15387,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15386\/revisions\/15387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}