T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 9 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi Cristopher Columbus t\u00ecm ra t\u00e2n l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y, cho d\u00f9 thuy\u1ec1n ra kh\u01a1i th\u1eadt xa c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u1ee9 \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 sau, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u theo h\u01b0\u1edbng Cristopher Columbus \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eefa, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u201d (Age of Discovery). R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 xa x\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha t\u00ean l\u00e0 Vasco de gama. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Cristopher Columbus, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam v\u00f2ng qua ch\u00e2u Phi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f2ng qua ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Vasco de gama l\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, \u00f4ng c\u1ee9 cho thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam. \u00d4ng tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nguy hi\u1ec3m, sau c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng v\u00f2ng t\u1edbi M\u0169i H\u1ea3o V\u1ecdng. Theo \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh an tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1497, n\u0103m n\u0103m sau khi Cristopher Columbus t\u00ecm ra t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c. Vasco de gama l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh d\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra T\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o n\u0103m Vasco de gama \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean Cabot c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi n\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u1ed3m ra kh\u01a1i. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Canada, thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, vua Anh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u00e3i g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha t\u00ean Balboa \u0111i th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m mi\u1ec1n Trung b\u1ed9 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. gi\u1eefa Nam M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t eo \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n Nam B\u1eafc hai ch\u00e2u l\u1edbn, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 eo \u0111\u1ea5t Panama. V\u00e0 Balboa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. Khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 South Sea (Bi\u1ec3n Nam) v\u00ec eo \u0111\u1ea5t Panama tuy n\u1ed1i Nam, B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 u\u1ed1n kh\u00fac, cho n\u00ean xem ra bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 \u1edf m\u1eb7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha t\u00ean Magellan \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua T\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, b\u1edfi \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tuy T\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c ch\u1eafn ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda th\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng qua c\u1eeda th\u00f4ng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 cho thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c \u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cristopher Columbus, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea1m th\u00eam m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m: vua B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nghe theo l\u1eddi Magellan. Do \u0111\u00f3, Magellan \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha xin gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. T\u00e2y Ban Nha b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4ng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Magellan l\u00e3nh n\u0103m chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, b\u0103ng qua bi\u1ec3n South Sea. Sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn Nam ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, \u00f4ng b\u00e8n cho thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i c\u1eb7p theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7y l\u1ed9 b\u0103ng qua \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7y l\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e8n cho thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i th\u1eed, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng; \u00f4ng th\u1eed l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c men theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam m\u00e0 \u0111i, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u0169i Cape Horn. \u00d4ng cho thuy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 hi\u1ec3m \u00e1c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u00e8n d\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 eo bi\u1ec3n Magellan. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb h\u01b0, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ba chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ba chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t b\u00ean kia T\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 South Sea m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia Balboa \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi. V\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u phong ba b\u00e3o t\u00e1p hi\u1ec3m \u00e1c, qua \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y Magellan c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y bi\u1ec3n l\u1eb7ng s\u00f3ng \u00eam, cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd r\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Magellan v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3i v\u1eeba kh\u00e1t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n. Trong \u0111\u00e1m th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, t\u00ednh ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ch\u1eebng g\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda l\u00fac ra \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn cho thuy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Philippines. Th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t man r\u1ee3. \u00d4ng c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng may \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 chia ra l\u00e1i thuy\u1ec1n cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc. N\u0103m chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n l\u00fac ra \u0111i nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n hai chi\u1ebfc, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfn. Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u1ea5t t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u. V\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n, chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Victoria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thuy\u1ec1n Victoria v\u00f2ng qua ch\u00e2u Phi. B\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Ma- gellan tuy v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3i v\u1eeba l\u1ea1nh, tr\u1ea3i qua bao gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi phong ba b\u00e3o t\u00e1p. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n t\u01a1i t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eb7p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ea3i kh\u1ea9u sau ba n\u0103m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t. Th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi! Thuy\u1ec1n Victoria r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n Victoria c\u1ee7a Magellan l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 9 – Arkady Leokum Sau khi Cristopher Columbus t\u00ecm ra t\u00e2n l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y, cho d\u00f9 thuy\u1ec1n ra kh\u01a1i th\u1eadt xa c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u1ee9 \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea5t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15398"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15399,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15398\/revisions\/15399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}