{"id":15418,"date":"2021-11-27T18:02:49","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T11:02:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=15418"},"modified":"2021-11-27T18:02:50","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T11:02:50","slug":"nho-ai-ma-nuoc-nga-thanh-mot-cuong-quoc-o-chau-au","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/nho-ai-ma-nuoc-nga-thanh-mot-cuong-quoc-o-chau-au\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1edd ai m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 9 &#8211; Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng thua g\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Hoa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga (Russia). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1700, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t chi c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c Aryga, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Slave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1700 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00ec vua Nga ra \u0111\u1eddi, t\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Peter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi Peter l\u1edbn l\u00ean, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. H\u01a1n ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nga l\u00fac \u1ea5y v\u1eeba ngh\u00e8o v\u1eeba d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t. Peter nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecd, ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ea1y \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3i trang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 Lan. Xin l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng, t\u1ef1 n\u1ea5u \u0103n, t\u1ef1 may v\u00e1 \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n. \u1ede H\u00e0 Lan, \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n, th\u1ee3 gi\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1ed5 r\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. Cho d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"Vietlearn\" rel=\"nofollow\">h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/a>. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng mang c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Peter mu\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Peter quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, c\u00f3 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1edf s\u00e1t b\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, vua Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 Charles 12. L\u00fac \u1ea5y Charles 12 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Peter \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Charles 12 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng. Chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Peter quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u00e0 Moscow (Matxc\u01a1va). Moscow l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa trung t\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, c\u00e1ch s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t xa. Peter mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i to\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y h\u1ebft h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda l\u00e0 ao h\u1ed3. \u00d4ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ba b\u1ed1n tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ra tay san l\u1ea5p ao h\u1ed3, r\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Peter Th\u00e1nh b\u1ed5n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0 St. Petersburg; t\u00ean Peter c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng do b\u1edfi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Peter m\u00e0 ra. V\u1ec1 sau, th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y s\u1eeda t\u00ean l\u00e0 Petrograd, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Leningrad. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u1edf Leningrad qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u1ea1i d\u1eddi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Moscow. Ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft, Peter c\u00f2n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u00f4ng \u0103n m\u1eb7c \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Peter \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Peter \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf (Peter the great).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peter y\u00eau m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i th\u00f4n qu\u00ea ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Cath- erine v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u00e0y. Catherine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng cha kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb9. N\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh lanh l\u1ee3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga tho\u1ea1t nghe n\u00f3i ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n th\u00ec l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng Peter \u0111\u00e3 phong n\u00e0ng l\u00e0m ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu. Sau khi Peter b\u0103ng h\u00e0, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u1ec1u do b\u00e0 l\u00e8o l\u00e1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 9 &#8211; Arkady Leokum \u1ede \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng thua g\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Hoa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga (Russia). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1700, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15418"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15419,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15418\/revisions\/15419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}