T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 9 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo, nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i, ch\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800. Vinyl chloride \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103m 1838, styrene n\u0103m 1839, acrylics n\u0103m 1843 v\u00e0 polyester n\u0103m 1847. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1870, trong khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t thay th\u1ebf cho ng\u00e0 voi, \u00f4ng John Hyatt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em trai Isiah Hyatt kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t celluloid. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, d\u1ebbo n\u00ean d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1909, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c \u00dd, Leo Baekeland kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ch\u1ea5t phenol-formaldehyde. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean\u201d (nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee9ng). Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 Baekeland ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t thay th\u1ebf cho ch\u1ea5t shellac (ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0m verni). Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y, \u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ebbo qu\u00e1nh m\u00e0u s\u1eadm m\u00e0 khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng n\u00f3 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tan trong c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 khu\u00f4n theo h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Baekeland \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Bakelite, d\u1ef1a theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 9 – Arkady Leokum Mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo, nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i, ch\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i m\u1edbi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15571","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15571","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15571"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15572,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15571\/revisions\/15572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}