T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 10 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tinh vi h\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1i ngon l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00f3a sinh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ee9c \u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1ea5t ethylene tho\u00e1t ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00edn l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau c\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i xanh, trong khi m\u00e0u n\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau c\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i enzyme n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt t\u01b0\u01a1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u n\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, do c\u00e1c oxymyoglobin gi\u00fap cho th\u1ecbt c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh metmyoglobin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i (MAP), s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a sinh l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, MAP gi\u00e0u CO2 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra do vi khu\u1ea9n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a rau c\u1ee7 l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 5 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ecbt duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m ti\u1ebfng. MAPs n\u1ec1n Nit\u01a1 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u n\u00e2u do c\u00e1c enzyme trong rau c\u1ee7, trong khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a CO2 v\u00e0 N2 v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 60\/40 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 tr\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1 thu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecdc s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00ean trong c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecfng th\u1ee9c \u0103n; m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ethylene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c kh\u00ed g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u \u1edf rau xanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh m\u00ec. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch h\u01a1n trong nh\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201c\u0103n ngay\u201d. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i – v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0129nh do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ed5i qua n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi xe qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. Khi b\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1edbt qua gh\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i, ma s\u00e1t s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c electron ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i v\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n x\u1ea3y ra b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u00f2ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00fat ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a v\u00e0o c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a xe h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a n\u00f3, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngang qua c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00e2y x\u0103ng: nh\u1eefng tia l\u1eeda sinh ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ki\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh. V\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c vi\u00ean g\u1ed7 cho gh\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xe h\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m nhanh v\u00e0o xe b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch xung quanh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 tr\u00f2n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u1edf ng\u00f3n tay, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t m\u1eb9o nh\u1ecf gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7m b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng nylon g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i khi ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 treo \u0111\u1ed3, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n s\u1ed1c khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n gi\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 10 – Arkady Leokum C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tinh vi h\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1i ngon l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, bao […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15982"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15984,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15982\/revisions\/15984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}