T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 10 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong h\u1ec7 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu, \u0111\u1ea1o Sikh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c, kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u thai. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng tin cho s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201cJoan d\u2019Arc\u201d (n\u1eef anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh, c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ian Stevenson c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Virginia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ea5y n\u0103m qua \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u thai kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Stevenson \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ra c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u thai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u201cki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 mang c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1edbt ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong h\u01a1n 500 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia trong h\u01a1n 1.000 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Stevenson \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u thai l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t – m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Stevenson \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ec9nh cao\u201d trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u thai, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi ng\u1edd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u thai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 – gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Stevenson ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 – m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f3c b\u00faa n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u thai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay sang nh\u1edd v\u00e0o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u201cdao c\u1ea1o Occam\u201d (William of Occam, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y tu – nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 14, cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9c h\u00e3y \u201cc\u1ea1o\u201d s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eeba th\u1ea3i, \u00edt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn ta \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng (v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd), tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u thai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 10 – Arkady Leokum L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong h\u1ec7 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu, \u0111\u1ea1o Sikh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c, kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u thai. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16065"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16066,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16065\/revisions\/16066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}