T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 10 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111u\u1ed1i l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang trong kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh logic. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea3 trong logic h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Euclid cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n) – v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a logic v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u00edt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi cam \u0111oan r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh – c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 18 Davia Hume (nh\u01b0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20, Karl Popper). Nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft y\u00eau qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gian l\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 10 – Arkady Leokum \u00dd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111u\u1ed1i l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang trong kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh logic. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16119"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16120,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16119\/revisions\/16120"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}