T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 10 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Isaac Newton, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 pi – m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u0103m 1983, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc William Shanks \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng tay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a 707 con s\u1ed1 sau d\u1ea5u th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng 15 n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n cho m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, khi \u00edt c\u00f3 ai h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 Shanks t\u00ednh ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 pi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, n\u00ean m\u1ed7i con s\u1ed1, t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 9, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 1 ph\u1ea7n 10 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 pi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0, trong 707 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 Shanks t\u00ednh ra, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 70 ho\u1eb7c 71 con s\u1ed1 7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 Shanks t\u00ednh ra, b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u0111i m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u0103m 1945, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n: do Shank \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t sai s\u00f3t, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb sau con s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 527 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang (ho\u1eb7c, n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng ra th\u00ec Shanks \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ed h\u01a1n ba n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1eb1m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 pi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn nhanh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau \u0111\u00f3; trong n\u0103m 2002, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Yasumasa Kanada v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Th\u00f4ng tin Tokyo (University of Tokyo Information Technology Centre) tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n t\u1ec9 con s\u1ed1 sau d\u1ea5u th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 pi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Hitachi SR8000 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n t\u1ec9 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n h\u1ebft 25 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra 1.200 t\u1ec9 con s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3, Kanada v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi hai l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Shanks v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i: s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1 7 l\u00e0 119.999.740.505 – g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a 1.200 t\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quay l\u00f9i 1 gi\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y h\u1ea1 ch\u00ed (ng\u00e0y ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t) trong n\u0103m v\u00e0 quay nhanh 1 gi\u1edd v\u00e0o ba th\u00e1ng sau ng\u00e0y h\u1ea1 ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 (\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y \u201c\u0111\u00f4ng ch\u00ed\u201d, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 12. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho ta nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng: s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1eddi gian ch\u00fang ta th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eb7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u201cm\u00f9a xu\u00e2n\u201d \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd trong m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u1eb7n ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n t\u1edbi l\u00fac \u0111i ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111i m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u1edf trong nh\u00e0, th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang \u1edf trong Th\u1eddi gian m\u00f9a h\u00e8, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u00e1m v\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u201cs\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00f9a h\u1ea1\u201d cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1i ki\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng 3 v\u00e0 v\u1eb7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cs\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00f9a h\u1ea1\u201d tr\u1ec5 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng 4. Trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u00ec li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u201ck\u00e9o d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00f9a h\u1ea1\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cs\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00f9a h\u1ea1\u201d v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 10 – Arkady Leokum Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Isaac Newton, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 pi – m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16136"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16137,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16136\/revisions\/16137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}