T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 10 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1939, trong lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Paul Siple. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Charles Passel, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf Nam c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi – hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo trong gi\u00f3 Nam c\u1ef1c. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt cho t\u1edbi sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng – kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1973, US National Weather Service (C\u1ee5c th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ghi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gi\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 00C v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 9m\/s \u0111ang th\u1ed5i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u00e2m 140C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Siple sang d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c gi\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng tin r\u1eb1ng tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o – nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Siple v\u00e0 Passel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2001 c\u1ee5c Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft Qu\u1ed1c Gia Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1nh \u00edt kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 9m\/s l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y 00C c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng -70C, \u1ea5m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta nghe c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, v\u1eady c\u00f3 \u00e1p trung n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i \u00e1p tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n chia gi\u1eefa \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p, l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 1 atmosphere (at). Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u201cm\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham kh\u1ea3o\u201d c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965. Theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 1.013,25 milibars. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e1p cao\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e1p th\u1ea5p\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1902, m\u1ed9t \u00e1p cao k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c \u1edf Anh l\u00e0 1.054,7 millibars \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf Aberdeen, c\u00f2n \u00e1p cao k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 1.083,8 mil- libars t\u1ea1i Agata, Siberia v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1968.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft xa h\u01a1n 20 ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u201cb\u1ea5t \u1ed5n\u201d c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ecf trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, theo th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ebd ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean s\u1ebd sai l\u1ea7m bao nhi\u00eau trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f9a h\u00e8, m\u01b0a m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u201cb\u1ea5t \u1ed5n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2003. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn xem k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cD\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. N\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 10 – Arkady Leokum N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1939, trong lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Paul Siple. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Charles Passel, \u00f4ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16172"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16173,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16172\/revisions\/16173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}