T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 12 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (The Ultimate Resource), nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Julian Simon \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh di\u1ec7t vong, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Theo Simon, tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 gi\u1eefa Simon v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t \u01b0a ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, Paul Ehrlich. N\u0103m 1980, Simon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn b\u1edfi Ehrlich c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong 10 n\u0103m sau – t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u0103m 1990 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn,v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1edbt xu\u1ed1ng trung b\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n 40% (\u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t) so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Simon \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1eafp c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1edbm h\u01a1n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1874, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n kh\u00f4 trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m. N\u0103m 1920, \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 60 t\u1ec9 th\u00f9ng; s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong hai n\u0103m v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n nay. Con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt l\u00ean th\u00e0nh 600 t\u1ec9 th\u00f9ng v\u00e0o 1950 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p n\u0103m l\u1ea7n. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, 35% s\u1ed1 gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 23%. V\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00e1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh – ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973 v\u00e0 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi than \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1. Sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Theo nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2004 b\u1edfi Trung t\u00e2m qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ef1c k\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft t\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Simon \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho s\u1ef1 phung ph\u00ed hay kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eady, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c xa so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 12 – Arkady Leokum Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (The Ultimate Resource), nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Julian Simon \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh di\u1ec7t vong, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16253"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16254,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16253\/revisions\/16254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}