T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 12 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i tri\u1ebft gia Immanuel Kant c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ngay c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd b\u1edfi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1768, Concerning the Ultimate Ground of the Differentiation of Direction in Space (B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng trong kh\u00f4ng gian), Kant \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u00ec l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thu\u1eadn tay tr\u00e1i hay tay ph\u1ea3i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i hai v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00e1c nhau\u201d, ta h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n hay n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf hai v\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c thu\u1eadn tay tr\u00e1i hay tay ph\u1ea3i? Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tay tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c tay ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c xa l\u1ea1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang? S\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn b\u00ean tr\u00e1i hay ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh thu\u1eadn chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a DNA v\u00e0 amino acid) cho n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n d\u1ea5u trong ch\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1918 khi nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Emmy Noether minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00fd Noether t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i – v\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau khi nh\u00ecn qua m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng – v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ta manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t cho s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn tay. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i; v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd Noether, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng tr\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t cho b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Kant c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 12 – Arkady Leokum Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i tri\u1ebft gia Immanuel Kant c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ngay c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd b\u1edfi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16447"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16448,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16447\/revisions\/16448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}