{"id":16901,"date":"2021-12-07T15:49:35","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T08:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=16901"},"modified":"2021-12-07T15:49:37","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T08:49:37","slug":"cac-hoa-si-tao-ao-giac-tren-tranh-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/cac-hoa-si-tao-ao-giac-tren-tranh-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00c1C H\u1eccA S\u0128 T\u1ea0O \u1ea2O GI\u00c1C TR\u00caN TRANH NH\u01af TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i &#8211; Minh Anh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ee9c \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Claude Monet<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Claude Monet, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u00fat h\u1ebft sinh l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 to\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1m tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi xung quanh. Th\u00ec ra, Claude Monet \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc Margaret Livingstone, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y khoa Harvard (M\u1ef9), \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 M\u1ef9, \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Denver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Livingstone \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m t\u1edbi Pais g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ee9c tranh \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u1ebd b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Le Harve c\u1ee7a Monet. T\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u l\u1eeda nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi m\u00e2y m\u00f9 xanh x\u00e1m, ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 \u0111ang bu\u00f4ng neo. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, Livingstone cho bi\u1ebft m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi xanh x\u00e1m \u1edf quanh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e0 n\u00f3i: &#8220;L\u00fd do l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: M\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng (c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng). Gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nhau. Khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1ee9c tranh, n\u00e3o ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh coi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf ta t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u00f3i lo\u00e1 h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt xung quanh&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111en tr\u1eafng, khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 nhau \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e1m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p. Livingstone \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh \u0111en tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ho\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00e0u x\u00e1m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi, do n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Monet hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian&#8221;. Livingstone gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Hai ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng &#8220;Where&#8221; (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u) v\u00e0 &#8220;What&#8221; (c\u00e1i g\u00ec). H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng &#8220;Where&#8221; t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong kh\u00f4ng gian 3 chi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 di \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng &#8220;What&#8221; ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt b\u1eadc cao, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho ph\u00e9p ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Mona Lisa d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau (ch\u1ecdn t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00e1c nhau).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, Leonard de Vince \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Mona Lisa tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng m\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. Livingstone cho bi\u1ebft: khi ch\u0103m ch\u00fa nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Mona Lisa, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 &#8220;khoanh&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf b\u00ean l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y v\u00e0 g\u00f2 m\u00e1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ee9c tranh. Khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u00e9t m\u1edd tr\u00ean g\u00f2 m\u00e1 Mona Lisa s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean kh\u00e1 r\u00f5, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kho\u00e9 m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o nh\u1ebfch l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng n\u00e0ng th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. Th\u00ec ra n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eeba th\u1eadt, v\u1eeba \u1ea3o. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng &#8220;m\u1eb9o&#8221; \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y, Leonard de Vince c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8220;M\u1eaft th\u1ea7n&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Itzhk Fried, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California (M\u1ef9) \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc The Lancet n\u0103m 1992 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: &#8220;\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf&#8221;. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem Fried n\u00f3i g\u00ec, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i\u2026 v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh Mona Lisa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fried cho m\u1eddi 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. \u00d4ng chia h\u1ecd l\u00e0m hai nh\u00f3m. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a Mona Lisa treo tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f2n nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 nghe k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c tranh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1eddi hai nh\u00f3m t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u1ecd mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c tranh. Trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, Fried d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau v\u00e0 &#8220;b\u1ee9c tranh&#8221; m\u00e0 h\u1ecd k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau: Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1eadt hay ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con m\u1eaft th\u1ea7n \u2013 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221;, Fried n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ea2o gi\u00e1c hoa Th\u1ee7y Ti\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y? &#8220;B\u1edfi v\u00ec r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i!&#8221;, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu n\u1ea1p v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n &#8220;qu\u00e9t&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n thu nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb kho kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn &#8220;th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf&#8221; n\u00e0o l\u00e0 do tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n &#8220;qu\u00e9t&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u01a1m b\u01b0\u1edbm v\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u201cth\u00edch\u201d b\u01b0\u01a1m b\u01b0\u1edbm ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng xo\u00e1 nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ee9c tranh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh c\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u01b0\u01a1m b\u01b0\u1edbm. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 do \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh cho bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh. M\u1ed7i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"Vietlearn\" rel=\"nofollow\">h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/a> thuy\u1ebft: &#8220;Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1eady. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ecdn \u00e1o nh\u1ea7m m\u00e0u trong si\u00eau th\u1ecb<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7ng ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tin m\u1eebng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Isaac Newton. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, Newton \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng: m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Tuy v\u1eady, n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u00e1n cho ch\u00fang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hai nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh Dale Purves v\u00e0 Beau Lotto, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Duke (Anh), cho bi\u1ebft: &#8220;M\u00e0u s\u1eafc l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf&#8221;. Theo \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu n\u1ea1p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua h\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o theo m\u00e0u \u01b0a th\u00edch trong si\u00eau th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng khi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 khi \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0u theo t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo m\u00e0u th\u1ef1c do m\u1eaft &#8220;qu\u00e9t&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i anh ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 &#8220;th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra&#8221;, hay \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 &#8220;\u1ea3o gi\u00e1c&#8221;. Trong l\u1ea7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ea5y ph\u00fat li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra anh ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u1eady th\u00ec l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng? H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 th\u1edd \u01a1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed anh ta \u0111ang ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng xem b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con v\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u1ea1y qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Stephen Kosslyn, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: \u00d4ng m\u1eddi 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng cho h\u1ecd xem m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh, 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 trong c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh. Kosslyn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: &#8220;Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1ch quan (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd thu nh\u1eadn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng: Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u trong kho kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0\u2026 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang, n\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Richard Gregory, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft bi quan nh\u01b0 sau: &#8220;Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u2026 M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i &#8211; Minh Anh B\u1ee9c \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Claude Monet Trong ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Claude Monet, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u00fat h\u1ebft sinh l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 to\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kham-pha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16901"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16901\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16902,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16901\/revisions\/16902"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}