T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i – Minh Anh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Pharaon b\u1ecb khai qu\u1eadt. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, vang l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n \u0111e kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh run l\u00ean v\u00ec c\u00e1i n\u1eafp qu\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1860, thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1i n\u1eafp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eef tu s\u0129 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a. Khi v\u1ec1 Anh qu\u1ed1c, v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea1 kia \u0111\u00e3 gieo r\u1eafc tai h\u1ecda cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Douglas Muray. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay ngay sau khi mua c\u00e1i n\u1eafp do m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00cdt l\u00e2u sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u1edf London. C\u00f4 m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e1i n\u1eafp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xem. \u00cdt ng\u00e0y sau, m\u1eb9 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t qua \u0111\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a h\u00f4n b\u1ecb tan v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4 m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh nan y b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m, y h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khi \u00f4ng Muray “cung ti\u1ebfn” c\u00e1i n\u1eafp qu\u1ef7 qu\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 cho Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Ai C\u1eadp, khi \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef c\u1ed5 in tr\u00ean n\u1eafp, b\u1ed7ng l\u0103n ra ch\u1ebft. N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eed sau khi ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh l\u00e0m r\u00f5 n\u00e9t gian \u00e1c c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u1ebd ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i n\u1eafp (m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i)\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tin \u0111\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gh\u00ea g\u1edbm c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i n\u1eafp qu\u00e1ch lan nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930, \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00fang l\u1ec5 t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1edbi t\u1ea5p g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng hoa quanh n\u1eafp lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u1eabn li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c Pharaon. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng “t\u1ea9m” l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0o c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn. Thurston Hopskins \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o th\u1eddi N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Victoria, t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n William Corder \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn t\u1ea1i Polsted (n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh) v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 5\/1827. V\u00e0 h\u1eafn b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, ph\u1ea7n thi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Kilmer c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 b\u00ed. V\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u00ean gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u00e0y “l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh” \u1edf ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00f4 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, c\u00f3 l\u00fac r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 k\u1ebb l\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng trong ph\u00f2ng, v\u1eadn y ph\u1ee5c th\u1eddi Victoria. Ri\u00eang b\u00e1c s\u0129 Kilmer c\u00f2n nghe r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea9m b\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ph\u00ec ph\u00f2. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c, b\u00e1c s\u0129 nghe nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0y c\u00e1i s\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ed1c t\u1edbi, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac Kilmer b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng, c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ecd r\u01a1i v\u1ee1 tung, c\u00f2n s\u1ecd t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u0103n nh\u1edf (?). Kilmer \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong. V\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1t. \u00d4ng \u0111em chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd Corder tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho cha Thurston Hopskin, \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111em c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u1edf ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 trong nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 Kilmer c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t Sudarium<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chuy\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t C\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc York g\u00e2y ra n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1948, Thora Hird, n\u1eef di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 khi tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch. C\u00f4 kinh h\u00e3i khi th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00edt ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi kho\u00e1c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 bao ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean tai ho\u1ea1 trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, hay tai ho\u1ea1 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb n\u1ed7i khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 b\u00ed \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. Vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng “Hy v\u1ecdng” l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i giai tho\u1ea1i theo m\u00f4 t\u00edp \u1ea5y: M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: M\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a. Sau \u0111\u00f3 tai \u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Marie Antoinette, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng “Hy v\u1ecdng”. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp reo r\u1eafc \u0111en \u0111\u1ee7i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t, khuynh gia b\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00f3, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m Turin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i t\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i cho truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda b\u00ed \u1ea9n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n “ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn” \u0111ang n\u1eb1m y\u00ean trong h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt. Khi h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c “qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt” nh\u1ecf li ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u, li\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ngay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n \u201cch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn” n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu mang t\u00ednh th\u00eau d\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i – Minh Anh V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Pharaon b\u1ecb khai qu\u1eadt. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, vang l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kham-pha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16943"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16944,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16943\/revisions\/16944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}