T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i – Minh Anh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 tay tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 2 ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c axit amin c\u1ee7a protein ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a AND, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng gian duy nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a hai h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i nhau qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, th\u00ec d\u1ea1ng kia s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1eefa. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a \u1edf t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00f9ng tay\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00e1i, hay ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Louis Pasteur c\u0169ng t\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a axit tatric c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nho, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00f9ng ph\u00eda\u201d n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng nhau, r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i tin l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a AND l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea \u201cMitchell – Hedges\u201d t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Trung M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Grenoble (Ph\u00e1p) Geert Rikken v\u00e0 Ernst Raupach, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb l\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu. B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u00fat \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, hay h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Rikken v\u00e0 Raupach \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 nhau. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y h\u00fat \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng song song v\u1edbi tia s\u00e1ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng tr\u00e1i. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng: R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u201ctay m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda\u201d \u2013 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng tr\u00e1i – \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao (n\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i kia (m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam tr\u00ean 1.000 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc), c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c axit amin. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, b\u1edfi theo h\u1ecd, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i – Minh Anh N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 tay tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 2 ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c axit amin c\u1ee7a protein […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kham-pha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16967"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16968,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16967\/revisions\/16968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}