{"id":17022,"date":"2021-12-07T16:02:30","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T09:02:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=17022"},"modified":"2021-12-07T16:02:31","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T09:02:31","slug":"loi-giai-cho-su-mat-tich-bi-an-cua-hat-neutrino","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/loi-giai-cho-su-mat-tich-bi-an-cua-hat-neutrino\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1edcI GI\u1ea2I CHO S\u1ef0 M\u1ea4T T\u00cdCH B\u00cd \u1ea8N C\u1ee6A H\u1ea0T NEUTRINO"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i &#8211; Minh Anh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u V\u1eadt l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eeba kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n cho b\u00ed \u1ea9n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 30 n\u0103m qua: S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t neutrino (d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t) ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c neutrino \u0111\u00e3 \u201cthay h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bay \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neutrino l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00f3ng ma\u201d do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang chia th\u00e0nh 3 d\u1ea1ng: Electron \u2013 neutrino, moun \u2013 neutrino v\u00e0 tau \u2013 neutrino. C\u00e1c neutrino sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong l\u00f2ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng electron \u2013 neutrino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 70, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng neutrino \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 1\/3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t so v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sai s\u00f3t trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 neutrino?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9, Anh v\u00e0 Canada \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Ch\u00ednh electron \u2013 neutrino, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cchu du\u201d t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1edbi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sang d\u1ea1ng moun \u2013 neutrino v\u00e0 tau \u2013 neutrino khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng electron \u2013 neutrino \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u00e1y d\u00f2 neutrino kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y d\u00f2 neutrino kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf Canada &#8211; \u0110\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Neutrino Sudbury (SNO). T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u 2 km trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ecf niken g\u1ea7n Sudbury, Ontario, g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a 1.000 t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y d\u00f2. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a neutrino. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng deuterum. Khi m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed deuterium \u2013 neutrino b\u1eafn ph\u00e1, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t proton v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t neutron. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y. Hai d\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a neutrino kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ebb g\u00e3y nguy\u00ean t\u1eed deuterium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So s\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c do m\u00e1y d\u00f2 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c neutrino \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Nh\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 3 lo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh bay \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, eletron \u2013 neutrino \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh moun \u2013 neutrino v\u00e0 tau \u2013 neutrino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng: D\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c neutrino l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i &#8211; Minh Anh M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u V\u1eadt l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eeba kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n cho b\u00ed \u1ea9n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 30 n\u0103m qua: S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t neutrino (d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t) ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kham-pha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17022"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17023,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17022\/revisions\/17023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}