T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i – Minh Anh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Australopith\u00e9que s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 4 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,5 m, v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 kg. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y\u2026 v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 lai l\u1ecbch n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i cao nguy\u00ean Laetoli (Tanzania), c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t in r\u00f5 tr\u00ean b\u00f9n h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 3,8 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. Tro n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 b\u00f9n kh\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00fang t\u00fang khi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 lai l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u201cgi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eebng l\u00fang t\u00fang khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u1edf Glenn Rose (Texas, M\u1ef9). Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao \u0111\u1ebfn 4 m (theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u01a1 th\u1ec3). \u0110i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1908, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra hai lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 120-130 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng long b\u1ecb tro c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c qua th\u1eddi gian \u201cg\u1ecdt\u201d b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a, y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n b\u00ed \u1ea9n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf Anh. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp tr\u1ebb con n\u00e0y, th\u00e0nh th\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Arizpna v\u00e0 Tuba (M\u1ef9) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1986 v\u00e0 1997. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u to nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n kh\u1ee7ng long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n truy nguy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n M\u1ef9 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m American Antiques \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft: G\u1ea7n con s\u00f4ng Tennessee, c\u00e1ch Braystown, B\u1eafc Caroline (M\u1ef9), v\u00e0i kilom\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u201cm\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1\u201d. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m 1965, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u00f9n kh\u00f4, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u1ef1a, g\u1ea5u, g\u00e0 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u201cm\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 6 ng\u00f3n\u201d. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 th\u1eddi \u1ea5y. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lai l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi 6 ng\u00f3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u01b0a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 122 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1882, trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 sai, nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u1edf Carson, Nevada (M\u1ef9), \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp sa th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a voi ma m\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 l\u1eabn trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i cao t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 3,8 m). Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u0103n voi th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed? Nh\u01b0ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 c\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady! Ng\u00e0y 27\/8\/1882, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc California. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u \u201cd\u00e9p x\u0103ng \u0111an th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1885, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i Big \u1edf Cumberland, Kentucky (M\u1ef9), m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. Hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ecf than Jackson. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi \u1ea5y cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n g\u1ea5u, ng\u1ef1a (m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ng\u1ef1a c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u phi l\u00fd l\u00e0 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c 300 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m! Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 5 ng\u00f3n, v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n c\u00e1i cho\u00e3i ra r\u1ea5t r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1886, Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m khoa h\u1ecdc Ohio tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 in r\u00f5 2 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Parkesbourg, Virgina (M\u1ef9), v\u1edbi ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 150 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. \u0110\u00fang l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u00ecnh c\u1edd sang M\u1ef9 du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 17 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0o h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1930, d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 William Burrough, tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Borea. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra 10 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng 15 cm, d\u00e0i 24 cm trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp sa th\u1ea1ch \u1edf Rochcastle. N\u0103m 1998, ng\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, v\u00ec e r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f9a c\u1ee3t. Tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh vi b\u1ea3n cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 250 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 William J. Meister. N\u0103m 1968, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Antelope Spring, Utah (M\u1ef9), nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 500 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i d\u1ea1o tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c Western<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m. Anh James Snyder (M\u1ef9) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n to t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia Cleveland. James \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng th\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh gi\u1eabm l\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean, James ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2n to m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. S\u00e1u th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 qua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i – Minh Anh C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Australopith\u00e9que s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 4 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,5 m, v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 kg. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kham-pha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17058","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17058"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17058\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17059,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17058\/revisions\/17059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}