{"id":17064,"date":"2021-12-07T16:06:09","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T09:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=17064"},"modified":"2021-12-07T16:06:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T09:06:10","slug":"gia-thuyet-moi-ve-nguon-goc-kim-tu-thap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/gia-thuyet-moi-ve-nguon-goc-kim-tu-thap\/","title":{"rendered":"GI\u1ea2 THUY\u1ebeT M\u1edaI V\u1ec0 NGU\u1ed2N G\u1ed0C KIM T\u1ef0 TH\u00c1P"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i &#8211; Minh Anh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng bao l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 che khu\u1ea5t g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eafp th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u1ee5 m\u1edbi cho n\u00f3 nh\u00f4 l\u00ean cao, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng b\u1eadc thang \u2013 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Guenter Dreyer, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c \u1edf Cairo \u2013 m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"Vietlearn\" rel=\"nofollow\">chuy\u00ean gia<\/a> h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nghi th\u1ee9c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t ho\u00e0ng gia Ai C\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp (kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Saqqara \u1edf ph\u00eda nam Cairo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho Pharaoh Djoser v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2650 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Saqqara, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p b\u1eadc thang do h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00f2 ph\u1eb3ng cao 8 m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u00ean tr\u00ean ph\u00f2ng l\u01b0u x\u00e1c pharaoh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1edbm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Khasekhemwy, t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba ho\u00e0ng gia c\u1ed5 \u1edf Abydos, mi\u1ec1n nam Ai C\u1eadp. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1eb3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, bao \u00f4m l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n d\u00e0y g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang t\u1eebng ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng l\u1edbn \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00ean. T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Khasekhemwy c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng bao c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd T\u00e2y thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng Nile trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Abydos, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng bao n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m xa m\u1ed9 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Saqqara. \u201cGi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0\u2026 hai th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 (g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Djoser h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Saqqara v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. G\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng bao l\u1edbn xung quanh &#8211; khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y\u201d. \u201cTh\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1edfi theo t\u00f4i, g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf\u201d, Dreyer n\u00f3i. G\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb che m\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf \u01b0\u1edbc mong \u0111\u00f3? C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p Saqqara \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1eb3ng, nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eb1m b\u00ean tr\u00ean g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eafp th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u1ee5 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1eadc thang gi\u1eadt c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Saqqara \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng trung gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1eb3ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 mastaba c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u1edbm) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 Giza, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Cairo hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u00ecm th\u1ea5y 19 x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra 19 x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng quan t\u00e0i c\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Saqqara, ph\u00eda nam th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Cairo. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea9u v\u1ea3i v\u1ee5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i mu\u1ed9n (Late Dynastic), kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 Ptolomaic (323-30 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3 khi \u0111ang th\u0103m d\u00f2 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m s\u00e2u trong Saqquara \u2013 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba 5.000 tu\u1ed5i n\u1eb1m b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Nile. 12 trong s\u1ed1 19 x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m c\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i &#8211; Minh Anh C\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng bao l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 che khu\u1ea5t g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kham-pha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17064"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17065,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17064\/revisions\/17065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}