Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong th\u1eddi gian qua. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n \u201ct\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt\u201d th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n do c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean hay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng do ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m ( electron), v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng (proton v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng). C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y nhau, kh\u00e1c d\u1ea5u s\u1ebd h\u00fat nhau, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t electron d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1ea1ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ion hay ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n li v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng electron di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng theo d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kim lo\u1ea1i, electron l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u00f2ng electron c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1eefa 2 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadt d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed7i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m (-) v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (+). C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 pin, \u1eafc quy, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed hay linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hay m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady, ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, l\u00fac m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tia s\u00e9t do c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u ph\u00f3ng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay nay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19 th\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed l\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng\u201d cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n: Khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua d\u00e2y d\u1eabn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, m\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n: Khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra xung quanh d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n: N\u0103m 1800, William Nicholson \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd sinh ra c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng oxy v\u00e0 hydro. Bong b\u00f3ng oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 hydro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c \u00e2m. Khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua dung d\u1ecbch d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bong b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hy v\u1ecdng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vui comment d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i lu\u00f4n m\u1edf 24\/7 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong th\u1eddi gian qua. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n \u201ct\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt\u201d th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3316"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3316\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}