Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 HP \u2013 horse power hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ng\u1ef1a) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u0169 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 75kg l\u00ean cao 1 m\u00e9t trong th\u1eddi gian 1 gi\u00e2y hay 1HP = 75 kgm\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t ch\u00fa ng\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra 14,9 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi James Watt v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1782. \u00d4ng \u0111o m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a bao nhi\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc trong 1 ph\u00fat, \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 550 ft-lbs\/s. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho 1 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Theo \u0111\u00f3, 1 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c hp c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng 745,69987158227022W.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eadn 14,9 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a 5 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, si\u00eau ph\u1ea9m Ducati Panigale V4 R 2019 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 234 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 16 con ng\u1ef1a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Hay si\u00eau xe Bugatti Chiron v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1.479 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 100 con ng\u1ef1a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean v\u1eadt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1eebng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a James Watt. M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 motor. M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 HP(I).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c theo h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t (b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 98,6% m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc): l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 HP(M). M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 75kg v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia: PS (\u0110\u1ee9c), cv (Ph\u00e1p), pk (H\u00e0 Lan), ch, ks v\u00e0 hk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 HP(E).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c l\u00f2 h\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 bay h\u01a1i 34,5lb n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u1edf 212 \u0111\u1ed9 F trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd. M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 HP(S).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xe h\u01a1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c theo h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4 theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c xe m\u00e1y, \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p SAE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sai s\u1ed1 n\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2004, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi l\u00e0 J1349. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh (bore) v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a piston (K)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, xe 1976 Kawasaki KZ750 theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 l\u00e0: 78mmx78mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S = r2 x 3,14<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A = d2\/4 x 3,14<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e2n pi*D(cm)^2\/4 x K = cm^3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(7.8 cm (bore) X 7.8 cm (bore) X 3.141593\/4) X 7.8 cm (stroke) = 372.71195442 (cm^3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 xi-lanh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
372.71195442 x 2 = 745.42390884 hay 745cc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a xe h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t theo m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ghi tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc xe l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc xe nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a xe c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 sau khi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng qua c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ra \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1nh xe s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tham kh\u1ea3o. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch quy \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c (HP) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: 1 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau kW? 1 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau cc?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch quy \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy \u0111\u1ed5i HP sang kW<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c = 0.7457 kW<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2 M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c = 1.4914 kW<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4 M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c = 2.9828 kW<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8 M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c = 5.9656 kW<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1000 M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c = 745.7 kW<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy \u0111\u1ed5i kW sang HP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 kW = 1.341 HP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2 kW = 2.682 HP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4 kW = 5.3641 HP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8 kW = 10.7282 HP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1000 kW = 1341.02 HP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: cc, rpm, bhp, kva, amps<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c. Hy v\u1ecdng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec, 1 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau, m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe m\u00e1y l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3322"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3322\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}