Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng hay c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n tin. V\u1eady t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u trong n\u1ed9i dung th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Vietlearn.org nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? hz (hertz ) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i chia s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hertz k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u hz, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c \u2013 Heinrich Rudolf Hertz. 1 hz cho bi\u1ebft t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang b\u1eb1ng 1 l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y: 1 hz=1\/s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng quay m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat (rpm) (revolutions per minute): \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat (bpm) (beats per minute): d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1ecbp tim, c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hertz (hz): m\u1ed9t hz b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chu k\u1ef3: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eddi gian: kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u00e2m thanh: t\u1eeb 15hz \u0111\u1ebfn 20hz (ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn: t\u1eeb 30-300hz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p: 300kHz \u0111\u1ebfn 3 megahertz (MHz).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh: 3-30 MHz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao: 30-300 MHz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 50hz ho\u1eb7c 60hz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 s\u00f3ng mang 1-20 kilo hertz (kHz)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
f=V\/\u03bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V: l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c s\u00f3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
f: l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u03bb: l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c s\u00f3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
f = C\/\u03bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C: v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u03bb: b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t dao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c khi bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian dao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
f =1\/T[2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T: chu k\u00ec th\u1eddi gian hay l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t dao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi bi\u1ebft t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3, ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
f= \/ (2)[3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 pi= 3,14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 qu\u00e9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 qu\u00e9t\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 tivi, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh,\u2026D\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh LCD hay LED \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 qu\u00e9t. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 qu\u00e9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khung h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n phim s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadt khung h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0\u1ee3ng khung h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadt c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng nhanh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng video \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong video m\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 qu\u00e9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 60hz, 120hz,..\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 khung h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t 60, 120,\u2026tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u00e2m thanh tai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c2m thanh l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00f3ng lan truy\u1ec1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng nh\u0129. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m th\u00e0nh trong kho\u1ea3ng 20-20000hz. D\u00e3y s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi 20hz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 \u00e2m, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean 20000hz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 si\u00eau \u00e2m, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eabn nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y trong kho\u1ea3ng 20-20000hz do c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng nh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nghe cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gia d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 tivi, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh,\u2026\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 220V\/50hz ho\u1eb7c 220V\/60hz. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 50hz, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 1\/50s th\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c trong d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 50 l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 1 chi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, t\u1eadn s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng 0. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 \u1eafc quy, pin chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng,\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh sin di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau v\u1edbi n\u1eeda chu k\u1ef3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec di chuy\u1ec3n theo d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh sin n\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u00e0 0. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 2 d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 50hz v\u00e0 60hz. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 60hz s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 1\/60s th\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd quay v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c th\u00ec trong 1s d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 60 l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 50hz v\u00e0 60hz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa 2 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 50hz v\u00e0 60hz \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 60hz s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 50hz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moment c\u1ee7a 2 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 50hz v\u00e0 60hz c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, trong 1s th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a 60hz s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 50hz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t: \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n do ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m, l\u1ecbch ma s\u00e1t cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n kh\u1ed1i: tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng (Zr) \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 20% n\u00ean s\u1ee5t \u00e1p s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n. DUng kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y gi\u1ea3m 20%, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng l\u00ean n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft di\u1ec7n d\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c \u0111i. Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, n\u00ean t\u1ed5ng bi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng t\u1ea3n t\u0103ng l\u00ean. H\u1ec7 60hz s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt v\u1eadt t\u01b0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. L\u00fd do khi f t\u0103ng th\u00ec XL s\u1ebd t\u0103ng theo, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n