h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> THPT c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc. V\u1eady t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Vietlearn.org t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u1ea3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\nT\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, bao quanh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nam ch\u00e2m, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n,\u2026N\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt mang t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7t trong n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb l\u00ean nam ch\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c l\u00ean d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t trong n\u00f3. V\u1eady t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf xung quanh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i xung quanh m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb. Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kim nam ch\u00e2m lu\u00f4n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng N-B, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t bao quanh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt khi c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7t trong n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n Vietlearn.org s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hai nam ch\u00e2m s\u1ebd h\u00fat nhau khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7t trong v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nhau<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng xuy\u00ean qua kh\u00f4ng gian<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa hai d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n song song c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd h\u00fat nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhau khi ch\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng song song, c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nhau. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1eefa 2 c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef U.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh. Hi\u1ec7n nay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng do nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean sinh ra l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xo\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 tesla (T).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vect\u01a1 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb t\u1ea1o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c nam sang c\u1ef1c b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p) tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt d\u1eabn khi v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. N\u0103m 1831, Michael Faraday \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh qua th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi cho t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng g\u1eedi qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch k\u00edn thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec trong m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c th\u1eb3ng, d\u00e0i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft nhau khi v\u1ebd trong kh\u00f4ng gian xung quanh nam ch\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u \u0111i ra t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c b\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c nam c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nam ch\u00e2m t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n quay nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0129nh nh\u01b0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 micro, loa, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 rung,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c h\u00fat s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u s\u1eaft, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y r\u01a1 le,..<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong xe l\u1eeda cao t\u1ed1c, b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3n d\u1ecbu trong \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eb7c,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb?\u2026 N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p hay c\u00e1c g\u00f3p \u00fd cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u00e3y comment ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111em t\u1edbi b\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nam ch\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb hay c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd 11 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh THPT c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3450\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}