{"id":3466,"date":"2021-10-21T07:26:23","date_gmt":"2021-10-21T00:26:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=3466"},"modified":"2021-10-22T18:08:36","modified_gmt":"2021-10-22T11:08:36","slug":"nong-do-ppm-la-gi-cach-quy-doi-va-su-dung-don-vi-ppm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/nong-do-ppm-la-gi-cach-quy-doi-va-su-dung-don-vi-ppm\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ppm l\u00e0 g\u00ec, C\u00e1ch quy \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ppm"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PPM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 TDS. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ppm l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, qu\u00fd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i chia s\u1ebb trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PPM l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 1ppm b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau mg\/l?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PPM l\u00e0 t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a part per million, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb ppm th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u1eadt l\u00fd,\u2026\u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ppm l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 lo\u00e3ng khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 1ppm t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 1 miligram tr\u00ean l\u00edt ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng hay tr\u00ean 1 kg. V\u1eady, 1 ppm = mg\/l hay 1 ppm = mg\/kg, t\u00f9y t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn quy \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ppm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n ppm sang ppb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PPB ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 1ppb = 1\/1000000000. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P (ppb) = P (ppm) x 1000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P (ppm) = P (ppb)\/ 1000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n ppm sang ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P(th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n) = P (ppm)\/1.000.000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P(%) = P(ppm)\/10 000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb mol\/l\u00edt v\u1ec1 ppm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 C t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ppm hay n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 C t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng mg\/kg \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng 1.000.000 l\u1ea7n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol (mol\/l\u00edt) nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol h\u00f2a tan M (g\/mol) chia cho m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch p(kg\/m3). C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C(ppm) = C(mg\/kg) = 106x C(mol\/l\u00edt) x M(g\/mol)\/P(kg\/m3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb g\/l sang ppm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C(ppm) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng 1000 l\u1ea7n C(g\/kg) v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng 1.000.000 l\u1ea7n C(g\/l) chia m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch P(kg\/m3). Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C(ppm) = 1000x C(g\/kg) = 106 x C(g\/l)\/P(kg\/m3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 C (ppm) b\u1eb1ng 1000 l\u1ea7n C(g\/kg) v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng 106 l\u1ea7n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 C(g\/l) chia cho m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 20 \u0111\u1ed9 C l\u00e0 998.2071 kg\/m3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1000 l\u1ea7n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 C(mg\/l). Ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C(ppm) = 1000 x C(g\/kg) = 106 x C(g\/l)\/998.2071 \u2248 1000 x C(g\/l)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i miligam \/ l\u00edt sang ppm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 C \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u (ppm) b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 C t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng miligam tr\u00ean kilogam (mg \/ kg) v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng 1000 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 C t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng miligam tr\u00ean l\u00edt (mg \/ L), chia cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch \u03c1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng kil\u00f4gam tr\u00ean m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i (kg\/m 3). C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C(ppm) = 1000 x C (mg\/l) \/ 998.2071(kg.m3) = 1(l\/kg) x C(mg\/l).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ppm l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh PPM d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 tan c\u1ee7a 1 ppm ~ 1\/1 000 000 dung d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Cm v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ppm s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C(ppm) = 1 000 000 x m(ch\u1ea5t tan) \/ (m dung d\u1ecbch + ch\u1ea5t tan).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C(ppm) = 1.000.000 x m dung d\u1ecbch\/m ( c\u1ea3 2 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 mg)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C (ppm) = m tan (mg)\/ V (l)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PPM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ppm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 TDS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9a n\u00f3. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. PPM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 TDS ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u01a1m m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 QP = 125 ppm th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m 125 \u00b5L\/L, 125 \u00b5gal\/gal, 125 cm3 \/ m3 ,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110o s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ppm. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111o b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tham chi\u1ebfu. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tham chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng NHz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb ppm c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ea7n mol hay ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch. V\u00ec b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 kg\/kg, mol\/mol, m3\/m3 ,\u2026\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n mol th\u00ec ch\u1eef W \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 PPMW, PPBW,\u2026 Trong \u0111\u00f3, W l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc, n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 mol\/mol, volume\/volume,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ppm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PPM l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. PPM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc lo\u00e3ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00ed trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 1g\/mL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ppm c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ee7y canh, \u0111o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ion c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u00f3. Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong th\u1ee7y chanh th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 cho c\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd \u0111em t\u1edbi cho b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ppm l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch quy \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c comment tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Vietlearn.org s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn PPM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 TDS. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ppm l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3466\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}