Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng theo d\u00f5i n\u1ed9i dung th\u00f4ng tin trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Vietlearn.org nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u201ckh\u00e1ch quan\u201d trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c; th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ea1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\/hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00e1ch quan s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i. Kh\u00e1ch quan c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch quan, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. T\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u00f3, m\u01b0a,\u2026N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. L\u0169 l\u1ee5t b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1ch quan th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch quan, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 khi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ch quan n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. T\u00f9y v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ch quan kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean ch\u00fang c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan tr\u00ean d\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch quan t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ee7 quan ti\u1ebfng anh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ee7 quan c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfng anh l\u00e0 Subjective. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u01a1 s\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1ebd \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ee7 quan c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, quan t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn. G\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 quan ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\/s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp tr\u1edf thay khi c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u201cch\u1ee7 quan\u201d d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch quan trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. Ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, \u00fd ch\u00ed, nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n) c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c; l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 2 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Ch\u1ee7 quan Kh\u00e1ch quan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dd ngh\u0129a Kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, trung l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee7 quan c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1 s\u1edf D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ni\u1ec1m tin, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 x\u00e1c minh \u0110\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt Gi\u1ed1ng nhau Kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00fang Sai<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc,\u2026 Tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, vi\u1ebft blog,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t, 2 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00e1ch quan bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quan. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt, duy t\u00e2m bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1ch quan c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quan n\u00ean trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1ch quan. Ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ch quan, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1ch quan; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 quan trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan; t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, tr\u00e1nh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 quan, n\u00f3ng v\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn, thi\u1ebfu trung th\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u1ed9i dung, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch quan theo c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quan n\u00ean trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 quan. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t huy cao nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch quan, ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quan, kh\u00e1ch quan. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1c, qu\u00fd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00e3y truy c\u1eadp site Vietlearn.org, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng theo d\u00f5i n\u1ed9i dung th\u00f4ng tin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3470"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3470\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}