Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1eady th\u00ec h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i \u201cngay v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n\u201d n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf trung t\u00e2m, bao quanh b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m c\u00e1c electron. Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 3 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t: proton, neutron v\u00e0 electron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proton v\u00e0 neutron n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n electron v\u00e0 tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed- \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Electron th\u00ec c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e2n xung quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh g\u1ea5p 10.000 l\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proton v\u00e0 neutron c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, m\u1ed9t proton th\u00ec n\u0103ng h\u01a1n 1.8000 electron. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng proton v\u00e0 electron b\u1eb1ng nhau, s\u1ed1 proton v\u00e0 neutron c\u0169ng ngang nhau. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t proton v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi, c\u00f2n th\u00eam 1 neutron v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m trung h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ion do thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u00f3a sinh, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ion \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f2n trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1t kh\u00ed n\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 proton c\u00f3 trong h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean wikipedia, nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tinh khi\u1ebft, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed; ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng proton c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cacbon (\u0111vC). 1 \u0111vC b\u1eb1ng 1\/12 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng gam ho\u1eb7c kilogam, c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng (1,6605).10^(-24) g => 1\u0111vC = (1\/12). 1,9926.10^(-23) = 1,6605.10^(-24) g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cacbon. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 (N2) b\u1eb1ng 14.2=28 \u0111vC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u01a1tron v\u00e0 proton. Trong m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, s\u1ed1 proton (p, +) b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 electron (e, -). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 p= s\u1ed1 e. H\u1ea1t proton v\u00e0 n\u01a1tron c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau, c\u00f2n h\u1ea1t electron c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t b\u00e9, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, s\u1ed1 proton c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 proton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Trong m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 electron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 phi kim \u1edf d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn: Ax(x = 1). Trong \u0111\u00f3 A l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, x l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t phi kim \u1edf d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed Ax( x=2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m hai hay nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc k\u00e8m theo ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 AxByCz. Trong \u0111\u00f3 A, B, C l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1; x, y, z l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong 1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n th\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cacbon (\u0111vC). V\u00ed d\u1ee5 PTK c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc (H2O) =1.2 + 16 = 18 \u0111vC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ca\u0301ch ti\u0301nh nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u0309 kh\u00f4\u0301i<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00ea\u0309 ti\u0301nh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng th\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u0309 kh\u00f4\u0301i, ba\u0323n ha\u0303y th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n theo 3 b\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c 1: B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01a1\u0301 1\u0111vC=1,6605.10-27 kg =1,6605.10-24g<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c 2:Tra bb\u1ea3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cu\u0309a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4\u0301. Vi\u0301 du\u0323: nguy\u00ean t\u00f4\u0301 A co\u0301 NTK la\u0300 a, t\u01b0\u0301c A = a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c 3: Kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng th\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a A: mA= a . 0,166 .10-23= ? (g)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u0301 du\u0323: B\u1ea1n co\u0301 16g Oxi, ho\u0309i co\u0301 bao nhi\u00eau nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u0309 Oxi trong 16g?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16g la\u0300 kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u0301nh b\u0103\u0300ng gam t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301i s\u00f4\u0301 nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u0309<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i: S\u00f4\u0301 nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u0309 = Kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u0301nh b\u0103\u0300ng gam\/Kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u0301nh b\u0103\u0300ng gam cu\u0309a 1 nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u0309<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=> S\u00f4\u0301 nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u0309 trong 16g Oxi la\u0300: 16\/(16.1,6605.10-24) = 6,02.10-23<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1mol Oxi s\u1ebd co\u0301 kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng 16g=16(\u0111vC) => 1 Nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u0309 oxi co\u0301 kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng 16.1,6605.10^(-24) (g)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1edbp 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1: M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u00f4m (Al) c\u00f3 13 proton, 13 electron v\u00e0 14 notron. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u00f4m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ta c\u00f3 mp = 13 . 1,6726 .10^(-24) = 21,71.^(-24) gam<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mn = 14 . 1,675 . 10-24 = 23,45.10^(-24) gam<\/p>\n\n\n\n
me = 13 . 9,1 . 10-28 = 0,01183 .10^(-24) gam<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=> Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u00f4m l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mp + mn + me = 21,71.10^(-24) + 23,45.10^(-24) + 0,01183 . 10-24 = 45,172 . 10^(-24) gam<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 40. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n 12 h\u1ea1t. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed X c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 proton l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 40 th\u00ec s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t = p + e + n = 2p + n = 40 (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=> p + e \u2013 n = 2p \u2013 n = 12 (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb (1) v\u00e0 (2) => p = 13; n = 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 proton c\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed X b\u1eb1ng 13<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3: H\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n trong h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A: Electron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B: Proton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C: N\u01a1tron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D: N\u01a1tron v\u00e0 electron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=> \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4: M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 9 electron \u1edf l\u1edbp v\u1ecf, h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 10 n\u01a1tron. T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t proton, n\u01a1tron v\u00e0 electron c\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A: 9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B: 18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C: 19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D: 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 proton = s\u1ed1 electron = 9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=> p + n + e = 2e + n = 2.9 + 10 = 28 (h\u1ea1t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 D<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 5: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 28. Trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 35,71% t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t. X l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A: S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B: N.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C: F.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D: O.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t proton, notron v\u00e0 electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed X l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 p, n v\u00e0 e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trung h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00ean s\u1ed1 p s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 28 n\u00ean p + e + n = 28<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hay 2p + n = 28 (1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 35,71% t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ef1c hay, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n | H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thay n = 10 v\u00e0o (1) ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c p = 9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady X l\u00e0 flo (F) v\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eed flo (F) c\u00f3 9 proton trong h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=> \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hy v\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung th\u00f4ng tin trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u201cNguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u2013 T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan\u201d s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1eady th\u00ec h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i \u201cngay v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n\u201d n\u1ed9i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3509"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3509\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}