Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng trong Tin h\u1ecdc 10. Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 g\u00ec? d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec. V\u1eady th\u00ec h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung chia s\u1ebb trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng!.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau khi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ebd cho ta th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 con s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m thi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c con s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay phong c\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo wikipedia, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u k\u00fd t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, \u0111\u0129a quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, \u00e2m thanh, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n,\u2026N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadp, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a k\u00e8m theo. Th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m 2 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ( s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean, s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 phi s\u1ed1 ( l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh,\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bit ( Binary digit). Bit l\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 0 ho\u1eb7c 1. Hai k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng tin trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ean, byte c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin, 1 byte = 8 bit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 byte = 8 bit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 kil\u00f4bai (kB) = 1024 byte = 210 byte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 megabit (MB)= 1024 kB = 210kB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB = 210MB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 t\u00earabai (TB) = 1024 GB = 210GB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 petabyte (PB)= 1024 TB = 210 TB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin th\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y bit. C\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ed9 m\u00e3 ASCII \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 8 bit \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a k\u00fd t\u1ef1. Trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 ASCII, c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 0 cho t\u1edbi 255 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e3 ASCII th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a k\u00fd t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ed9 m\u00e3 Unicode s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 16 bit \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00ec b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 ASCII ch\u1ec9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 256 k\u00fd t\u1ef1, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ed9 Unicode m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 65536 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng chung nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e3 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hy v\u1ecdng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1c, qu\u00fd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00e3y truy c\u1eadp website Vietlearn.org \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng trong Tin h\u1ecdc 10. Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 g\u00ec? d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec. V\u1eady th\u00ec h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung chia s\u1ebb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3576"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3576\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}