Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1eady so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau \u00f4n t\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f4 \u1ea5y tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 g\u00e1i \u0111\u00f4i m\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh \u201ctr\u1ebb em\u201d v\u1edbi \u201cb\u00fap tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh\u201d b\u1edfi gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: \u0111\u1ec1u non n\u1edbt, mong manh n\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, bao b\u1ecdc v\u00e0 che ch\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u00fap cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00ecnh dung r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e2u. B\u1edfi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1edf n\u00ean bay b\u1ed5ng, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ebf A \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh \u2013 T\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh \u2013 V\u1ebf B<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ebf A: C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ebf B: C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang ra \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ebf V<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ebf A v\u00e0 v\u1ebf B<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh: nh\u01b0, l\u00e0, gi\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0, ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cM\u1ed3 h\u00f4i th\u00e1nh th\u00f3t nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a ru\u1ed9ng c\u00e0y\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ebf A: M\u1ed3 h\u00f4i<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ebf B: M\u01b0a ru\u1ed9ng c\u00e0y<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh: th\u00e1nh th\u00f3t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh: Nh\u01b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=> H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh so s\u00e1nh mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh: V\u1ebf A \u2013 V\u1ebf B<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cM\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n c\u00e2u b\u00e9 t\u1ebbo teo\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hay: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n: Ch\u00ed l\u1edbn \u00f4ng cha\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea3o t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 v\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh \u2013 V\u1ebf B, V\u1ebf A<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5; Nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u so s\u00e1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh ngang b\u1eb1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau. Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, so s\u00e1nh ngang b\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn hay \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh ngang b\u1eb1ng: t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0, nh\u01b0, l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0, gi\u1ed1ng,\u2026 ho\u1eb7c c\u1eb7p quan h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb: bao nhi\u00eau \u2026 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u01b0 b\u00e1t b\u00fan ri\u00eau<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ee3i b\u00fan b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau s\u1ee3i t\u00ecnh\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n H\u1ed3ng xinh nh\u01b0 hoa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh h\u01a1n k\u00e9m<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh h\u01a1n k\u00e9m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: ch\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng, ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng, h\u01a1n, h\u01a1n l\u00e0, k\u00e9m g\u00ec, k\u00e9m, h\u01a1n,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y b\u00e1n r\u1ebb h\u01a1n c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng kia m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1eefa!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c: \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u0111en nh\u01b0 m\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i: C\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00e2y tre gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh \u00e2m thanh v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh: Ki\u1ec3u so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang ra so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ti\u1ebfng su\u1ed1i trong nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u trong t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef, ca dao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cC\u00e0\u0443 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111ang bu\u1ed5i ban tr\u01b0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed3 h\u00f4i th\u00e1nh th\u00f3t nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a ru\u1ed9ng c\u00e0\u0443\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eeb n\u00e0y qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh: nh\u01b0, l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0, ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang ra so s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ea1ng 1: \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ea1ng 2: Ch\u1ec9 ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e2u th\u01a1\/ \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n cho s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi g\u00ec th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea1n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn So s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1eady so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau \u00f4n t\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4124"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4124\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}