N\u1ed3i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed3i khi \u0111un th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong n\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t cao. V\u00ec sao trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong n\u1ed3i d\u1ec5 n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn nh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 100\u00b0C. D\u00f9ng n\u1ed3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea5u th\u1ee9c \u0103n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong n\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n 100\u00b0C. Cho l\u1eeda to l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian \u0111un n\u1ea5u, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed, t\u1ee9c x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 100\u00b0C. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf 100\u00b0C \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u0103ng cao \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh, th\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n” c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 bay v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng cao, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u1ed3i s\u00f4i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i cao h\u01a1n, n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn th\u1ee9c \u0103n nhanh h\u01a1n th\u00ec t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng cao kh\u00ed \u00e1p trong n\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3ng 101,3 kPa. T\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng 1000 m, theo \u0111\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u1ec1n cao l\u00ean 3\u00b0C. Trong h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 300 m, n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 101\u00b0C m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi 200\u00b0C m\u1edbi s\u00f4i, th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong n\u1ed3i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 1418,2 kPa (14,18 at).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00ed k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra n\u1ed3i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ecbt k\u00edn t\u1ed1t. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 100\u00b0C v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00f4i, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed3i, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00ed \u00e1p trong n\u1ed3i t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u00ean. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng cao c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed \u00e1p l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng cao c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ea5u trong n\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ea5p thu nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u1ec5 n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong n\u1ed3i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 120\u00b0C tr\u1edf l\u00ean. \u1ede m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tinh b\u1ed9t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u01a1m ch\u00edn. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong n\u1ed3i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn d\u1eabn t\u1edbi n\u1ed3i b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 tung, tr\u00ean n\u1eafp n\u1ed3i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1eafp van an to\u00e0n. Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong n\u1ed3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao li\u1ec1n ch\u1ecdc th\u1ee7ng van an to\u00e0n ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i, qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho trong n\u1ed3i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng s\u1ebd xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 73,5\u00b0C th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00f4i r\u1ed3i. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f3 n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u1edf v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u1ea5p tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed3i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: N\u1ed3i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t; S\u00f4i; \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i; \u00c1p su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u1ed3i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed3i khi \u0111un th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong n\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t cao. V\u00ec sao trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong n\u1ed3i d\u1ec5 n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn nh\u1ec9? Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 100\u00b0C. D\u00f9ng n\u1ed3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea5u th\u1ee9c \u0103n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5694"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5694\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}