S\u00e9t bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi s\u1ea5m, v\u00ec s\u00e9t d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ea5m. Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y x\u1ea3y ra h\u01a1n 100 l\u1ea7n s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1752, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u0129 Franklin, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea3 di\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u00e9t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00ec sao m\u00e2y l\u1ea1i mang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00e9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi s\u00e9t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u1eafm r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e2y gi\u00f4ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c kh\u00ed c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 mang theo kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u00e1m tr\u1eafc bay v\u00e0o trong t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y, th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u00e2y c\u00f3 mang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n m\u00e2y c\u00f3 mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng, lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa v\u1ee5n b\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u00e2y. V\u1ee5n b\u0103ng k\u1ebft b\u0103ng c\u00f3 mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1m l\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u00f3 mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111i l\u00ean trong m\u00e2y gi\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y, li\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e2m trong \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y gi\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi trong m\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, ph\u00fat ch\u1ed1c b\u1ed7ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t. Electron li\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n m\u00e2y mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m ph\u00f3ng sang m\u00e2y mang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00f3ng tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh. S\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u00e2y, ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa m\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t. Hai lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 s\u00e9t m\u00e2y, lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea5t. Do quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t, lo\u1ea1i s\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i sinh ra gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Khi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y gi\u00f4ng t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng ra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00e2y \u0111ang mang, sinh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u00ean, khi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh xuy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, sinh ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng ion \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00e2y li\u1ec1n theo l\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng ion \u0111i t\u1edbi, v\u00ec ch\u00fang bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111i. Cho n\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho s\u00e9t v\u00f2ng v\u00e8o g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y. Khi \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 10 m, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o theo l\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng ion v\u1eeba thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f9a v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n m\u00e2y, k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t quang v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u00e9t m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m trong t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t qua l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, sinh ra ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u00e9t. S\u00e9t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tuy k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y, l\u1ea1i bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 10 l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao t\u1edbi 100 ngh\u00ecn ampe. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a s\u00e9t t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 20.000\u00b0C l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nhanh ch\u00f3ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, sinh ra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. S\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nghe th\u1ea5y. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 300 m\/s, c\u00f2n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb l\u00fac nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac nghe ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ednh ra kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft m\u01b0a gi\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00fa m\u01b0a d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y to, v\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4ng qu\u1ea1nh, c\u00e2y l\u1edbn d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n ng\u1ed3i trong nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed7 tr\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u01a1i trong h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ao h\u1ed3, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00fang th\u00ec h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng sao l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: M\u00e2y gi\u00f4ng; S\u00e9t; S\u00e9t m\u00e2y;S\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea5t; Ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hoa l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u00e9t bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi s\u1ea5m, v\u00ec s\u00e9t d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ea5m. Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y x\u1ea3y ra h\u01a1n 100 l\u1ea7n s\u00e9t. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1752, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u0129 Franklin, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea3 di\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u00e9t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5706"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5706\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}