M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng 40 oat xem ra s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c 150 oat, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u00edt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c, d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady nh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua d\u00e2y t\u00f3c \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 525\u00b0C tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng theo s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng cao c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 t\u0103ng cao. Cho n\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y vonfram c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao (b\u1eb1ng 3410\u00b0C) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u00e2y t\u00f3c. Tuy \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh quang n\u0103ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng m\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed ph\u00e1t quang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n. B\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang, hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 l\u1eafp \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c, trong \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 n\u1ea1p kh\u00ed acgon v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n. Khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ph\u00f3ng ra electron, nh\u1eefng electron n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao sang \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, khi ch\u00fang va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed acgon th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u electron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0\u1ee3ng electron \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u01a1i thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n, l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u01a1i thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u00e0i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao. Khi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao quay v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ra d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i. Tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng sau khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ea5p thu, ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh ra r\u1ea5t \u00edt, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do s\u1ef1 ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u co du\u1ed7i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi n\u00f3 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft ra, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb c\u1eaft, tr\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p r\u1ea5t cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 1000 v\u00f4n. N\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng, \u1ed1ng n\u00ea \u00f4ng trong t\u1eafc te s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u1eaft, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u2026 C\u1ee9 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i t\u1eafc te li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1edbp nh\u00e1y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng s\u00e1ng l\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u00f4i. Sau khi \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng s\u00e1ng h\u1eb3n, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh, c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o trong ph\u1ea1m vi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n trong \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ecf \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1eafc te kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng l\u00ean n\u1eefa. H\u01a1i thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n, l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u01a1i thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u00e0i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao. Khi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao quay v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ra d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i. Tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng sau khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ea5p thu, ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh ra r\u1ea5t \u00edt, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau trong con m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t quang th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Con \u0111om \u0111\u00f3m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111om \u0111\u00f3m c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf con v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u0110\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c; \u0110\u00e8n \u1ed1ng; Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng 40 oat xem ra s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c 150 oat, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u00edt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c, d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5722"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5722\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}