Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea9y tuabin c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n; trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u00e9o m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, hai ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb, trong cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y s\u1ebd sinh ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng. C\u00f2n m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u mang \u0111i\u1ec7n (ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed ion ho\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng) phun v\u00e0o trong t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh ra c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u mang \u0111i\u1ec7n, qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u mang \u0111i\u1ec7n trong ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3. Ch\u00fang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, kh\u00ed tr\u01a1, h\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9 Celsius, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 electron trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 electron th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. K\u1ebft c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a electron t\u1ef1 do, ion m\u1ea5t electron v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 plasma. Phun plasma v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t cao t\u1ed1c mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m trong plasma, ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c Lorentz trong t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 hai c\u1ef1c. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p sinh ra gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ef1c. D\u00f9ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1i hay nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra do \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 20% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ednh ra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ebfn 40% l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i. C\u00f2n ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i phun ra t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n tuabin kh\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 50%. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hi v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 60%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00edt sinh ra \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i sinh ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111ioxit. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m cho nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 gia m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, sinh ra kali sunfat v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0o trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, g\u00e2y ra \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gia t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 phun c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u mang \u0111i\u1ec7n, gia t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u00eam b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10 tri\u1ec7u kW, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, M\u0129, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v.v. \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9ng;Plasma; C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea9y tuabin c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n; trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u00e9o m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5734"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5734\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}