{"id":5740,"date":"2021-11-20T09:50:22","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T02:50:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=5740"},"modified":"2021-11-20T12:42:02","modified_gmt":"2021-11-20T05:42:02","slug":"vi-sao-den-tiet-kiem-dien-lai-co-the-tiet-kiem-duoc-dien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/vi-sao-den-tiet-kiem-dien-lai-co-the-tiet-kiem-duoc-dien\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao \u0111\u00e8n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0110\u00e8n \u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00edch. Cho n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n n\u00eaon t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c. Song con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang ph\u1ebft l\u00ean m\u1eb7t trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n. Th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a silicat k\u1ebdm beryli, magie vonframat, ca\u0111imi borat, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t quang l\u00e0 40 lumen\/oat (lm\/W; lumen l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng). V\u1ec1 sau d\u00f9ng kali halosunfat l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao t\u1edbi 60 lm\/W.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng ba m\u00e0u g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm do h\u00e3ng Philip c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng m\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ba n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 s\u1edf d\u0129 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd hai “ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt” l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n. “Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt” th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch b\u1ed9t hu\u1ef3nh quang, ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e8n \u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9t hu\u1ef3nh quang do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 europi oxit, ytri oxit v.v. ph\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf ra. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 \u00e1nh \u00e1ng ba m\u00e0u g\u1ed1c: \u0111\u1ecf, xanh, ch\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed9n ch\u00fang theo m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i x\u1ecbt l\u00ean m\u1eb7t trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n, sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1ch quang ph\u1ed5. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cao t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 85 lm\/W, n\u00e2ng cao l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 40% n\u1eefa so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb 50 hec (Hz) th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn 10000 Hz, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao l\u00ean 20%. \u0110\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c! Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf 50 hec, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u c\u00f3 l\u00f5i s\u1eaft m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 t\u0103ng cao \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Cho n\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c “ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt” th\u1ee9 hai cho \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c “c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng” tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea3i qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao t\u1ea7n do linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u 50 Hz th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n cao \u00e1p 30 – 50 kHz. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> m\u1edbi ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t hu\u1ef3nh quang ba m\u00e0u g\u1ed1c l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i 80% v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u l\u00f5i s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau hao \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00e0nh th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Theo \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u l\u00f5i s\u1eaft d\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau hao \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 4 oat, c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau hao kho\u1ea3ng 0,6 oat. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng 3,4 oat so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p: d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9t hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ba m\u00e0u g\u1ed1c 11 oat ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 17% c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c 60 oat c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 65% c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng 15 oat c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i. \u0110\u00e8n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ba m\u00e0u g\u1ed1c, ngo\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, m\u00e0u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb9p ra, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 5000 gi\u1edd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0y ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e8n natri cao \u00e1p ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e8n halogen \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng cao \u00e1p v.v. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e8n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nho nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0, m\u1ecdi h\u1ed9 th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u0110\u00e8n \u1ed1ng; \u0110\u00e8n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng; K\u0129 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed; C\u00e1i ch\u1ea5n l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e8n \u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00edch. Cho n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n n\u00eaon t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5740"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5740\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}