Khi b\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n c\u1eeda t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ga m\u00e1y bay ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, c\u1eeda li\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf ra, khi b\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i, c\u1eeda l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. C\u1eeda t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n nh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 v\u00ec tia s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c tia ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 photon (quang t\u1eed). Photon n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ea5y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi photon chui v\u00e0o m\u1eaft v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee1 ng\u00e0n t\u1ec9, khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c m\u1eaft, li\u1ec1n g\u00e2y h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1eaft tr\u00ean v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c, h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta li\u1ec1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda c\u1eeda t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng. Tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi l\u00ean b\u00f3ng (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o) quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda kia. Do m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, cho n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda, th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh che l\u1ea5p tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, b\u00f3ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tia s\u00e1ng, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u00edch ph\u00e1t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda ra, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eady. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi b\u00f3ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n. T\u1ef1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t ra tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c y\u1ebfu \u1edbt. C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i m\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp “nh\u00ecn” th\u1ea5y t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf b\u1edbt vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean c\u1eeda t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00f3ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t anot (c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t catot (c\u1ef1c \u00e2m). Tr\u00ean catot c\u00f3 b\u00f4i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi t\u1edbi catot, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a photon li\u1ec1n truy\u1ec1n cho electron trong catot, g\u00e2y n\u00ean ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 electron. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u0103m 1905, Einstein \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00ed. Electron ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb catot b\u1ecb anot h\u00fat v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u00ecnh, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam b\u00f3ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t t\u1ea5m c\u1ef1c kim lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 electron th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, th\u00ec c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh b\u00f3ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn photon m\u1edbi g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n b\u00f3ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng photon m\u1ed9t, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 photon, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v.v. b\u00f3ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00f3ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf kh\u00e9p c\u1eeda, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ed9m, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng v.v., m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t quang v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: B\u00f3ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n; Th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c; C\u1eeda t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng; Photon; Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n; M\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n; B\u00f3ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Khi b\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n c\u1eeda t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ga m\u00e1y bay ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, c\u1eeda li\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf ra, khi b\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i, c\u1eeda l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. C\u1eeda t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n nh\u1ec9? M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5760"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5760\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}