K\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 quang h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t minh ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh th\u00ec n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Hans Lippershay, nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111eo m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan \u1edf Mdelburg. V\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia tinh nhanh n\u00e0y n\u1eafm b\u1eaft r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t minh, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. R\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi “c\u00e1i c\u1ed9t H\u00e0 Lan” \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3 i t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1609, Galilei – ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Padua thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Veniz\u01a1, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho mua r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh to c\u00f3 nh\u1ecf c\u00f3, v\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong ph\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, Galilei \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra m\u1ed9t k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p 30 l\u1ea7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng to v\u1eadt \u1ea3nh g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n. \u00d4ng d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e3 y n\u00fai tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sao M\u1ed9c c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n v\u1ec7 tinh, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi g\u00ec c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4i sao h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh\u2026 Ph\u00e1t minh k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i vinh d\u1ef1 cho Galilei, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng mang c\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn. Vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hai m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u00f9. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c vi\u1ebft ra d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 n\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ni\u1ec1m cay \u0111\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Galilei d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u1ed3i (v\u1eadt k\u00ednh) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u00f5m (th\u1ecb k\u00ednh) h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p. Nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n Kepler, b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Galilei, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng Kepler c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 d\u00e0i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh; m\u1eb7t sau c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecb k\u00ednh. Lo\u1ea1i k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1. Khi tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt \u1edf xa \u0111i v\u00e0o k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng, h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 qua v\u1eadt k\u00ednh th\u00e0nh \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c d\u1eddi g\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt \u1edf xa \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1ea3nh. C\u00f2n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y v\u1eeba kh\u00e9o l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb k\u00ednh. Khi \u1ea5y, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1ecb k\u00ednh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7m k\u00ednh l\u00fap m\u00e0 xem \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng to l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. V\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt xa x\u00f4i, trong k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng, xem ra h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 g\u1ea7n trong gang t\u1ea5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Anh, Newton, m\u1edf l\u1ed1i \u0111i kh\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh m\u1eb7t l\u00f5m l\u00e0m v\u1eadt k\u00ednh, tia s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 qua k\u00ednh m\u1eb7t l\u00f5m, l\u1ea1i \u0111i qua k\u00ednh ph\u1eb3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ecb k\u00ednh, th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ecb k\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c. Do k\u00ednh m\u1eb7t l\u00f5m, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u tia s\u00e1ng, l\u00e0m cho \u1ea3nh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00ean c\u00e0ng th\u00eam s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a r\u00f5 n\u00e9t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3 i trong quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean v\u0103n. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1 m tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1. Trong \u0111\u00f3, k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng Hale \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i thi\u00ean v\u0103n Mount Palomar bang California c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t 5,08 m, v\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ef7 tinh \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n 20 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i qua 7 n\u0103m m\u1edbi m\u00e0i th\u00e0nh. Nghe n\u00f3i, ch\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn \u1edf ngo\u00e0i 25 ngh\u00ecn km c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecdt qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con m\u1eaft kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00ean n\u00fai Caucasus n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, s\u1eebng s\u1eefng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 6 m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1m tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tinh h\u1ec7 ngo\u00e0i Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0 xa t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 10 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: K\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng; K\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n; K\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1; K\u00ednhvi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1; V\u1eadt k\u00ednh; Th\u1ecb k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 quang h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t minh ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh th\u00ec n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Hans […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5790"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5790\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}