Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, tia s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tia ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1. Ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb g\u00e3y, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tia kh\u00fac x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, tia ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 tia t\u1edbi n\u1eb1m \u1edf hai ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 g\u00f3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 b\u1eb1ng g\u00f3c t\u1edbi. V\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1, n\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, l\u00fac n\u00e0y g\u00f3c kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u00f3c t\u1edbi, tia kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn; n\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u0103ng, l\u00fac n\u00e0y g\u00f3c kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u00f3c t\u1edbi, tia kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 b\u1ecb g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng xa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t \u201cl\u1edbn\u201d hay \u201cnh\u1ecf\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, th\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y tinh th\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eadt ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0a, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, g\u00f3c kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u00f3c t\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng g\u00f3c t\u1edbi, g\u00f3c kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u1edbn theo. Khi m\u00e0 g\u00f3c t\u1edbi l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u00f3c kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 l\u1edbn t\u1edbi 90o , l\u00fac n\u00e0y tia kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 n\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, l\u00fac n\u00e0y g\u00f3c t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u00f3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, g\u00f3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3ng 48,5\u00b0, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, g\u00f3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 24\u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n long lanh l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ea1i v\u00ed d\u1ee5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1870, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Anh John Tyndall \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00fa v\u1ecb: l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3, chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt k\u00ec l\u1ea1, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f3ng \u00e1nh tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng b\u00ecnh theo h\u00ecnh cong, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng cong cong. C\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng truy\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong v\u1eady. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng cong v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ee3i quang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng th\u1ea1ch anh k\u00e9o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh d\u00e0i t\u1eeb v\u00e0i micromet \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c micromet gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ec7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u00f3c t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, tia s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cong cong t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u kia c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i quang. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng s\u1ee3i c\u00e1p quang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 m\u00e1y n\u1ed9i soi d\u1ea1 day, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t\u2026 C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n s\u1ee3i quang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1p quang, d\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin quang. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, tin r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin quang s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: Ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n; \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1; \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, tia s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tia ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1. Ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5800"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5800\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}