Laze kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t khi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 b\u1ecb k\u00edch ph\u00e1t sinh ra. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a laze c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0: t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t, t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i cao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p (corelation) t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e8n pha v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n pin nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1ea5y th\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp, t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 r\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung. K\u00ec th\u1ef1c, lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 sau khi chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ra. C\u00f2n laze l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eadp trung nh\u1ea5t. Laze c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean t\u1edbi M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng c\u00e1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t 380 ngh\u00ecn kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. C\u00f2n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfu ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m km th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt r\u1ed3i. N\u0103m 1962, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng ch\u00f9m tia laze do m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t laze sinh ra chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n pha c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n hay kh\u00f4ng, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf trong d\u1ea3i 400 – 760 nanomet, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1ecf, da cam, v\u00e0ng, l\u1ee5c, lam, ch\u00e0m, t\u00edm. Cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong d\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 622 – 760 nanomet. C\u00f2n b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a laze ch\u1ec9 sai kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u nanomet, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc c\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m tia laze m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t laze heli – neon, b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng l\u00e0 632,8 nanomet, t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi 10 ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t laze c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng r\u1ea5t cao, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i c\u1ee7a laze cao. M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t laze c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, trong th\u1eddi gian t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 gi\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 kW, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00e0i tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 Celsius. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1ec7 tinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c laze. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m linh ki\u1ec7n, pin, r\u01a1le \u0111i\u1ec7n v.v. trong v\u1ec7 tinh ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng laze \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a laze l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoan l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Nh\u01b0 gia c\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 phun ni l\u00f4ng, mi\u1ec7ng phun d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda, l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng trong \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v.v. Mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh x\u00e1c cao n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi laze. Laze c\u00f2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “con dao m\u1ed5” th\u1ea7n k\u00ec trong tay c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i khoa. Laze qua s\u1ee3i quang d\u1eabn cong cong, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5u x\u1ea1 ra, h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 laze tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u, khoan l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean r\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eafp b\u1ecbt k\u00edn r\u0103ng h\u1ed5ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft, h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i ra l\u00ean gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p (corelation) t\u1ed1t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta v\u00ed m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m tia s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111ang h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i s\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5c ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169, kh\u00f4ng ai li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi ai c\u1ea3. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 photon” kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n laze th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “\u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 photon” h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, t\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p (corelation) r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Laze c\u00f3 uy l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t laze \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec laze c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a laze c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau, n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb “\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i cao \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Laze; T\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc; \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i; T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p (corelation); T\u00ednh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Laze kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t khi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 b\u1ecb k\u00edch ph\u00e1t sinh ra. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a laze c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0: t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t, t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i cao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5812"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5812\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}