\u00c1nh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n, \u00e1nh l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. Tuy kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang, song d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u00fang \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Tia X l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 X quang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1895, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c, R\u01a1nghen, trong khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra tia X \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Tia X v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng: b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, song b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng gi\u1eefa 400 – 760 nanomet (1 nanom\u00e9t = 1 nm = 10\u20139 m\u00e9t) l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i chung; \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 400 nm g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Tia X l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u00f2n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i, (c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi 3.1016 Hz \u0111\u1ebfn 3.1018 Hz) ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 pha l\u00ea, thu\u1ef7 tinh, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 v.v. Tia X th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y, g\u1ed7, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec sao d\u00f9ng tia X th\u1ea5u qua c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n ra b\u00f3ng \u0111en c\u1ee7a kh\u00fac x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean m\u00e0n hu\u1ef3nh quang nh\u1ec9? Ho\u00e1 ra l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5u qua c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a tia X kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 do nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eb9 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 b\u1eafp v.v., khi tia X chi\u1ebfu qua, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5u qua v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong su\u1ed1t v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 do nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1eb7ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u00ec, tia X kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p thu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t h\u1ea5p thu tia X m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u01a1 b\u1eafp 150 l\u1ea7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi d\u00f9ng tia X chi\u1ebfu qua c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00ean m\u00e0n hu\u1ef3nh quang li\u1ec1n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng \u0111en c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tia X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong y h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0: ph\u1ed5i, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, ru\u1ed9t v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi tia X s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfu, ch\u1ee5p X quang c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i cho\u00e0ng t\u1ea1p d\u1ec1. \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169, \u0111i g\u0103ng tay b\u1eb1ng cao su, \u0111eo k\u00ednh m\u1eaft pha l\u00ea ch\u00ec, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng tia X chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y; Tia X; H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c1nh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n, \u00e1nh l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. Tuy kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang, song d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u00fang \u0111\u00edch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5818"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5818\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}