Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u1edbp s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t \u1edf ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. N\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u00ec, ph\u00e1t ra ch\u1edbp s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i, c\u00f2n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1edbp s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thu t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ec9? N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1edbn v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n: n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. 300 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, Olaus Roemer th\u00f4ng qua quan s\u00e1t chu k\u00ec b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c, r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 C = 2,77 x 1010 cm\/s. N\u0103m 1849, James Brley ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u00e1nh xe r\u0103ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. V\u1ec1 sau, qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng C = 2,997925 x 1010 cm\/s, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f2ng quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t 7,5 v\u00f2ng! \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, th\u1eddi gian \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i qua th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thu t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay trong v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 n\u00f3. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady nh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ho\u00e1 ra l\u00e0, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ecdc kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n do Newton s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i do Einstein x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Newton cho r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, th\u1eddi gian bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tr\u00f4i qua v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 nhau. Kh\u00f4ng gian c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111o th\u1eddi gian hay kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Newton c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Cho d\u00f9 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: kh\u00f4ng gian, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Einstein r\u00fat ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Newton. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, ba \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean l\u00e0 Lo, khi n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0: trong \u0111\u00f3 c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u00ec v\u1eady L nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n L0, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, s\u1ef1 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a L c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Qua t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y: m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eb3ng d\u00e0i 1 m khi \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 0,9 c, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 0,436 m. Th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0i 1 m m\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn t\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea5y!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 tham gia chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v, th\u1ebf th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian t0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, qu\u00e3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 24 gi\u1edd, khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1t 0,9 c, v\u1eady m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi 55 gi\u1edd! Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Einstein, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean m0, khi tham gia chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 1 kg l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1t 0,9 c, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh 2,29 kg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i r\u00fat ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra? Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0y. Do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm, v\u00ec v\u1eady, tuy hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, song bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i do n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra qu\u00e1 \u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ea3 d\u1ee5 khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec nh\u1ec9? R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 0 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u1ea3o. Khi \u1ea5y, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u1ea3o, qu\u00e3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian \u0394t v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m, khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u1ea3o. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u01b0a ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p l\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Qua \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ecdc c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng; Kh\u00f4ng gian; Th\u1eddi gian; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u1edbp s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t \u1edf ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. N\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u00ec, ph\u00e1t ra ch\u1edbp s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5826"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5826\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}