N\u0103m 1919, tr\u00ean t\u1edd Times \u1edf Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “Tia s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi b\u1ecb cong”. M\u1edbi nghe, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian cong do Einstein n\u00eau ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng gian cong l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian cong nh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 th\u00ec v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e9m ngang. Sau khi m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9m ra theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eb1m ngang, n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng parabon. Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t quay xung quanh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng quay xung quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1edfi t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, gi\u1eefa Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. So s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t, l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, l\u1ef1c v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 sinh ra th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00e1ch nhau, c\u00f2n l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t, l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i sinh ra b\u1edfi hai v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhau. Kh\u00f4ng gian x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ef1c h\u00fat n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Einstein l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Newton \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, s\u1edf d\u0129 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o cong, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn do M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi sinh ra l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ecb cong \u0111i g\u00e2y ra. V\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng gian cong sinh ra c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t xa chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u1ea5y, n\u00f3 t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian “b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng” li\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian “cong”, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh cong ngay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n \u0111i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian cong, ho\u1eb7c cho d\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gian “cong” do kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch nhau gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. Song, m\u1ed9t khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian “cong” do s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 c\u0103n c\u1ee9, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1919, nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, A. S. Eddington, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi c\u01a1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u Phi, nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb cong do kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi g\u00e2y n\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, sai s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, tia s\u00e1ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c b\u1ecb cong \u0111i, g\u00f3c cong \u1edf trong kho\u1ea3ng 1,61″ – 1,95″. Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i khoa h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Thi\u00ean v\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng gia c\u1ee7a Anh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp li\u00ean t\u1ecbch quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Kh\u00f4ng gian cong; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn; S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u0103m 1919, tr\u00ean t\u1edd Times \u1edf Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “Tia s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi b\u1ecb cong”. M\u1edbi nghe, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5828"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5828\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}