H\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean lu\u00f4n suy ng\u1eabm m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 chia c\u1eaft m\u00e3i m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ra v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, v\u1ec1 sau l\u1ea1i th\u00e1m tr\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c electron. “T\u00ednh kh\u00ed” c\u1ee7a proton, n\u01a1tron v\u00e0 electron m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed g\u1ecdi proton v\u00e0 n\u01a1tron l\u00e0 ha\u0111ron (h\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng), g\u1ecdi electron l\u00e0 lepton (h\u1ea1t nh\u1eb9). Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb khi Joseph John Thomson ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t – electron, t\u1eeb trong ph\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1897 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed9c h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 300 lo\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia h\u01a1n 300 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ba h\u1ecd t\u1ed9c: photon, lepton, ha\u0111ron, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 300 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ha\u0111ron. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
H\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean lu\u00f4n suy ng\u1eabm m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 chia c\u1eaft m\u00e3i m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ra v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5832"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5832\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}