G\u1ea7n 20 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, trong khi ch\u1ec9nh l\u00ed gia t\u1ed9c h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quy lu\u1eadt s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ha\u0111ron, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u1eady. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt chu k\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1ea3y sinh ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o manh m\u1ed1i \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec1 ra gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng ha\u0111ron l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng do ba (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i) h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. H\u1ecd g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quark (quac). \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00f9m electron c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t cao b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 proton v\u00e0 n\u01a1tron, qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong proton v\u00e0 n\u01a1tron c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a quark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed khi \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f9ng n\u01a1trino b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 ha\u0111ron, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n k\u00ec di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n. Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y, trong ha\u0111ron kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quark, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gluon. N\u0103m 1979, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt l\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao do gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110inh Tri\u1ec7u Trung, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 g\u1ed1c Hoa ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd (\u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Hambourg, \u0110\u1ee9c) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho electron d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m va \u0111\u1eadp th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o nhau, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 phun” (spouting) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a gluon, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c coi tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, li\u1ec7u quark v\u00e0 gluon c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y xem ra ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed; Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed; H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed; Proton; N\u01a1tron; Ha\u0111ron; Lepton; H\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; Quark; Gluon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u1ea7n 20 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, trong khi ch\u1ec9nh l\u00ed gia t\u1ed9c h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quy lu\u1eadt s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ha\u0111ron, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u1eady. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt chu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5834"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5834\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}