Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed, th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 0\u00b0C, n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn – b\u0103ng. C\u00f2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 100\u00b0C, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed – h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu xem x\u00e9t t\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 ion, c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. H\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng “\u00f4 m\u1ea1ng” ngay h\u00e0ng th\u1eb3ng l\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t \u1edf tr\u00ean g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a “\u00f4 m\u1ea1ng” c\u00f3 h\u01a1i “nh\u1ea5p nh\u1ecfm” m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u1edf tr\u00ean g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a “\u00f4 m\u1ea1ng” sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5p nh\u1ed5m h\u01a1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec9nh. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i k\u00e9m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t cho ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t “t\u1ef1 do tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i”. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ea5t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u2013 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: khi ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t cho ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed th\u00ec li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edbi hay kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9 Celsius tr\u1edf l\u00ean, electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh electron t\u1ef1 do. C\u00f2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u00ec do m\u1ea5t electron m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ion mang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ion ho\u00e1. Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed sau khi ion ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eefa. Tuy ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung ho\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, song ion ho\u00e1 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed (m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y k\u00e9m so v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng) v\u1ed1n trung t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, sau khi ion ho\u00e1, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u00e0 electron, ion v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trung t\u00ednh, v\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy v\u00e0o ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 plasma. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tham gia chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1n x\u1ea1 lung tung, c\u00f2n trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a plasma, electron c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i dao \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed plasma trong t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, lo\u1ea1i dao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed plasma v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh ra plasma. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra plasma, nh\u01b0 khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ea5m ch\u1edbp m\u00f9a h\u00e8, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed plasma sinh ra sau khi ion b\u1ecb oxi ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t ra ch\u1edbp lo\u00e9; m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do plasma sinh ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u01a1n 99,9% v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 \u1edf v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i plasma, M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u l\u1eeda plasma n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, plasma l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p may sinh t\u1ed3n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u1ebbn v\u1eb9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 0,1% c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed plasma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn; Th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng; Th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed; Plasma; Ion ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed, th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 0\u00b0C, n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn – b\u0103ng. C\u00f2n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5838"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5838\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}