M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, trong kh\u00f4ng gian V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tia X, tia \u03b3 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb) ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebbn v\u1eb9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn do m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, mang theo. C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 nh\u00ecn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y song \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX. N\u0103m 1933, nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, Zweig khi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n tinh h\u1ec7 H\u1eadu Ph\u00e1t, \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 400 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng! Sai s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n tinh h\u1ec7, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng m\u1ea5y. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1978, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn khi \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tinh h\u1ec7 xo\u00e1y, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m tinh h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quen thu\u1ed9c. Trong h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, h\u00e0nh tinh c\u00e0ng \u1edf xa M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kepler n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 xung quanh tinh h\u1ec7, ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nhau sinh ra, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kepler ch\u1ee9! V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00eau ra, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 xung quanh tinh h\u1ec7 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tinh h\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kepler. Do v\u1eady, \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a tinh h\u1ec7, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfp thu, v\u00e0 theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1983 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ng\u00f4i sao R15 \u1edf c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0 200 ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea1t 465 m\/s. Mu\u1ed1n sinh ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0 \u00edt ra ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd vo tr\u00f2n k\u00edn k\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u suy \u0111o\u00e1n. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed to\u1ea3 kh\u1eafp trong kh\u00f4ng gian V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i trong V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “sao ch\u1ebft” \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1i \u0111i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 \u0111en. Nh\u1eefng suy \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y tuy \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u00ed, song thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i, n\u01a1trino \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 coi tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c k\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1980, sau khi Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a n\u01a1trino c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa n\u01a1trino v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i. Do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1trino c\u1ef1c k\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u, cho d\u00f9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nhoi, t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn kh\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01a1trino kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v.v., nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ea1t c\u00f2n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0: n\u01a1trino, axion, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t si\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v.v. Ti\u1ebfc thay, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Xem ra mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i; N\u01a1trino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, trong kh\u00f4ng gian V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tia X, tia \u03b3 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb) ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebbn v\u1eb9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5854"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5854\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}