Cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u03b2 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ra electron chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c), ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nghi ho\u1eb7c: trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb? Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u00e1o, Pauli, n\u0103m \u1ea5y 30 tu\u1ed5i, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n: trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng ra. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, t\u00e1c\u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng sao \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “ti\u1ec3u trung t\u1eed”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01a1trino n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1942, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed M\u0129 Iren theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed Trung Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ki\u1ec1m To\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1 ra, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01a1trrino m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01a1trino v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Iren c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1trino. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. 26 n\u0103m sau khi Pauli \u0111\u1ec1 ra gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u01a1trino, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Reines v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p California \u0111\u1eb7t 400 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc ca\u0111imi axetat l\u00e0m bia v\u00e0o trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01a1trino), m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,8 n\u01a1trino, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Reines c\u00f3 vinh d\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00ed n\u0103m 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i n\u01a1trino l\u00e0 3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i n\u01a1trino. Ngo\u00e0i n\u01a1trino electron \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u00ean ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u01a1trino \u03bc (ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1962) v\u00e0 n\u01a1trino d\u1ea1ng \u03b9 (ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1975). M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u01a1trino \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n n\u01a1trino nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c n\u01a1trino c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1trino b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. N\u0103m 1980, Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, qua 10 n\u0103m \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1trino \u1edf trong kho\u1ea3ng 17 – 40 electrovon. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u x\u00f4n xao. V\u1ec1 sau, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia<\/a> c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80, v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1trino tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Theo nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 10 electrovon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01a1trino v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec nh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1trino th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng g\u00ec, song c\u00e1i V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1trino c\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby \u1edf m\u1ecdi x\u00f3 x\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i cm3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 300 n\u01a1trino, x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 v\u1edbi photon, nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p v\u00e0i t\u1ec9 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c! Cho n\u00ean, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u01a1trino c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u01a1trino c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng: n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao, c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u01a1trino \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t c\u1eaft l\u1edbp Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y ra kh\u00f4ng s\u00f3t g\u00ec h\u1ebft; h\u1ecd c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n cho n\u01a1trino truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin xuy\u00ean qua Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qua v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00f2ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 n\u01a1trino, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: N\u01a1trino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u03b2 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ra electron chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c), ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5856"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5856\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}