V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n g\u1ecdi chung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed, b\u1ee5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng quang h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. V\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1eafc c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng quang h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, n\u00ean su\u1ed1t 30 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda kho b\u00e1u tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1963 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c hy\u0111r\u00f4xin (OH). N\u0103m n\u0103m sau l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed amoni (NH3) do 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 methanal (H2CO). B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i m\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i thi\u00ean v\u0103n”. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn sai tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cho r\u1eb1ng: m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, cho n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 sinh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed tr\u1edf l\u00ean. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tia v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i, cho n\u00ean tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. \u0110\u1ebfn nay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 60 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd b\u00e1u cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sao kh\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxy, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hy\u0111\u00f4 cyanua, metanal v\u00e0 proparcyl nitril. Ba lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh axit amin. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i axit g\u1ed1c amin. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i axit d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh anbumin v\u00e0 axit nucleic, v\u00ec v\u1eady ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh tinh c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao v\u00e0 “tr\u1edf v\u1ec1” v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n kh\u00e1c. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ea1ch quang ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sao kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao thu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n si\u00eau ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 si\u00eau b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. S\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh thi\u00ean v\u0103n, v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao; Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n g\u1ecdi chung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed, b\u1ee5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng quang h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6811\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}