K\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 4 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng quang h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t to, uy l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa so v\u1edbi k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng quang h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 quy t\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 400 – 700 nm (1 nm = 10-9 m). N\u1ebfu xem t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n bao quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t khe nh\u1ecf” r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng xem th\u01b0\u1eddng “khe nh\u1ecf” n\u00e0y. H\u01a1n 300 n\u0103m nay s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng qua quan tr\u1eafc c\u1ee7a khe nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong h\u1ecd s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn (ho\u1eb7c s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n) c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u1eeb 30 m – 1 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00f3ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng: t\u1eeb 1 mm – 700 nm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng: t\u1eeb 700 – 400 nm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u1eeb 400 – 10 nm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tia X c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng: t\u1eeb 10 – 0,001 nm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tia \u03b3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng: < 0,001 nm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng qua m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh hay y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00ec sao tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang? Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1eeb 300 – 1000 nm v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 40, t\u00ean l\u1eeda b\u1eafn l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng cao m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c km, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quang ph\u1ed5 tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tia X c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1957, v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 quan tr\u1eafc thi\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, con t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u0103n bay tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1eafc quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tia b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 X v\u00e0 \u03b3, tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh thi\u00ean v\u0103n tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i, thi\u00ean v\u0103n tia X, thi\u00ean v\u0103n tia \u03b3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u1ede th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, ng\u00e0nh thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng tr\u1ec7, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 60 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tia b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: S\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb; Thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 4 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng quang h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t to, uy l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa so v\u1edbi k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng quang h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 quy […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6835","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6835"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6835\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6835"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}