Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u0301a ho\u0323c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Vi\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: \u0110\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 sao cho s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1edf 2 v\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nhau;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p B\u1ed9i Chung Nh\u1ecf Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf 2 v\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecm b\u1ed9i chung nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf c\u1ea3 2 v\u1ebf, \u0111em b\u1ed9i chung nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t chia cho ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00f4i th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u0103ng ky\u0301 ho\u0323c th\u01b0\u0309 mi\u00ea\u0303n phi\u0301 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c t\u01b0\u0300 l\u01a1\u0301p 8 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n l\u01a1\u0301p 12<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 1: Ch\u1eb5n \u2013 L\u1ebb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb5n \u2013 l\u1ebb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng ho\u0301a ho\u0323c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u00eam h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eb5n s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda: C\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al + HCl \u2192 AlCl3 + H2\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00eam h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 2 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc AlCl3 th\u00ec s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Cl s\u1ebd ch\u1eb5n => Al + HCl \u2192 2AlCl3 + H2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 6 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Cl trong 2AlCl3 n\u00ean v\u1ebf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam s\u1ed1 6 v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed HCl. => Al + 6HCl \u2192 2AlCl3 + H2\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Al trong 2AlCl3 n\u00ean v\u1ebf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam 2 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2Al => 2Al + 6HCl \u2192 2AlCl3 + H2;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ebf tr\u00e1i l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 6 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H trong 6HCl n\u00ean b\u00ean v\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i ta ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 3 v\u00e0o H2 => 2Al + 6HCl \u2192 2AlCl3 + 3H2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp 8 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 2: \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ed1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: \u0110\u01b0a h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 a, b, c, d, e, f\u2026. v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u1ea3 2 v\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 2 v\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c a, b, c, d, e, f,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eeba l\u1eadp ra;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: \u0110\u01b0a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eeba t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 n\u00e2ng cao. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cu + H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng \u2192 CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: \u0110\u01b0a h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 a, b, c, d, e, f\u2026. v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u1ea3 2 v\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
=> aCu + bH2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng \u2192 cCuSO4 + dSO2 + eH2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Vi\u1ebft h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tham gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1edf 2 v\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cu: a = c (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S: b = c + d (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H: 2b = 2e (3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O: 4b = 4c + 2d + e (4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eeba l\u1eadp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PT (3) => e = b = 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PT (1), (2), (4) => c = a = d = \u00bd => c = a = d = 1; e = b =2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eeba t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n => Cu + 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng \u2192 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e2\u0323t mi\u0301 ca\u0301ch \u0111a\u0301nh bay n\u00f4\u0303i s\u01a1\u0323 m\u00f4n Ho\u0301a ho\u0323c \u2013 Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 3: D\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i h\u00f3a 8 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp ch\u1ea5t tham gia, ch\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 8 tuy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m quen. Do \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i 1: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a\/ MgCl2 + KOH \u2192 Mg(OH)2 + KCl<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b\/ FeO + HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
c\/ Fe2O3 + H2SO4 \u2192 Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
d\/ P + O2 \u2192 P2O5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a\/ MgCl2 + 2KOH \u2192 Mg(OH)2 + 2KCl<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b\/ FeO + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2O;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
c\/ Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 \u2192 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
d\/ 4P + 5O2 \u2192 2P2O5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ea1ng 2: Ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a\/ Al2O3 + ? \u2192 ?AlCl3 + ?H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b\/ ?NaOH + CO2 \u2192 Na2CO3 + ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
c\/ CuSO4 + BaCl2 \u2192 BaSO4 + ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
d\/ P2O5 +? \u2192 ?H3PO4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a\/ Al2O3 + 6HCl \u2192 2AlCl3 +3H2O;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b\/ 2NaOH + CO2 \u2192 Na2CO3 + H2O;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
c\/ CuSO4 + BaCl2 \u2192 BaSO4 + CuCl2;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
d\/ P2O5 + 3H2O \u2192 2H3PO4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed k\u00edp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t. Sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00ea\u0309 tha\u0300nh ta\u0323o h\u01a1n, ru\u0301t ng\u0103\u0301n th\u01a1\u0300i gian la\u0300m ba\u0300i nhe\u0301.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xem th\u00eam<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u2013 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Hi\u0111ro \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 8 c\u00f9ng Vietlearn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxit axit l\u00e0 g\u00ec ho\u0301a 8? C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i hay \u2013 Topp<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 8. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc khi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. V\u1eady c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-trung-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/716\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}