V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c n\u00f3. Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 – ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Tr\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd ch\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 di d\u00e2n ra ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1971 -1982 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng b\u1ea3y tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “L\u1ec5 ph\u00e1o”. N\u0103m 1973 M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5”. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean v\u0103n, y h\u1ecdc, sinh v\u1eadt \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u00edch to l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1986 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ph\u00f3ng tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 “Ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh” th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n bay trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. H\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m nay c\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100 nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. Tr\u1ea1m c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 50 m, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 123 t\u1ea5n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “M\u1eabu h\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5”. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1ea1m 439 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 188 ng\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh nam n\u1eef c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng chung li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 quan tr\u1eafc thi\u00ean v\u0103n, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m y h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> v\u1eadt, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng “10 n\u0103m bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y b\u1ec3 d\u00e2u”, tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra gi\u00e0 nua. M\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t sinh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt”. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1993 do M\u1ef9, Nga, Nh\u1eadt, Cana\u0111a, Braxin v\u00e0 C\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u g\u1ed3m 16 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chia l\u00e0m ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995 – 1998. M\u00e1y bay v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Nga l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ch\u00edn l\u1ea7n. Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho s\u1ef1 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai t\u1eeb 1998 – 1999, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 trong kh\u00f4ng gian, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000-2004 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 47 l\u1ea7n ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nga, h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh tham gia thao t\u00e1c l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf sau khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 6 khoang th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t khoang \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf, hai khoang n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u d\u00e0i 88 m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 430 t\u1ea5n, bay \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 400 km, c\u00f3 4 pin M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 108 m, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 110 kW. Dung t\u00edch c\u1ee7a khoang \u1edf l\u00e0 120 m3, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. So v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 “s\u00fang b\u1eafn chim \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1o”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng gian. Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c n\u00f3. Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 – ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7355\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}