M\u00e1y t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 \u03b1 do \u0110inh Kh\u1ea3i Trung – nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng g\u1ed1c Hoa qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng N\u00f4ben v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, g\u1ea7n 200 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga, \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00fd, Ph\u00e1p, v.v. tham gia ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1998 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y bay v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 “Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n” ch\u1edf l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung m\u1edf m\u00e0n cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m “ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t” v\u00e0 c\u00e1c “v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i” trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u0103n c\u1ee9 nhi\u1ec1u quan tr\u1eafc thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra thuy\u1ebft v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, t\u1ee9c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 15 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m. Sau khi b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ta \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed do proton v\u00e0 n\u01a1tron c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, mang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng; xung quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m, ch\u00fang quay quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1t, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn c\u00f2n s\u1ea3n sinh ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng “ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t” t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a “ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t” do “ph\u1ea3n proton” v\u00e0 “ph\u1ea3n n\u01a1tron” t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m, quay quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a “ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t”, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c “\u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u01b0\u01a1ng” positron mang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1932 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a “\u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u01b0\u01a1ng”. N\u0103m 1997 Trung t\u00e2m h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed xenon b\u1eafn v\u00e0o “ph\u1ea3n proton” s\u1ea3n sinh ra nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u1ea3n hydro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 “ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t” khi va ch\u1ea1m nhau s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 “ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t” s\u1ebd ti\u00eau \u0111i (hay s\u1ef1 hu\u1ef7). S\u1ef1 “ti\u00eau \u0111i” s\u1ea3n sinh ra ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm “ph\u1ea3n proton” kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i “v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i” kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t quang, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 quang, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh “v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i” kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp quan s\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng, “v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i” chi\u1ebfm 90% t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. “V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i” th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ra sao? \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 \u03b1 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm “ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t” v\u00e0 “v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i” trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u0103m d\u00f2 m\u00e1y t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 \u03b1 do Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2002 m\u00e1y t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 \u03b1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y bay v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm “ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t” v\u00e0 “v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i” trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: M\u00e1y t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 \u03b1; Ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t; V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i; S\u1ef1 hu\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u00e1y t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 \u03b1 do \u0110inh Kh\u1ea3i Trung – nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng g\u1ed1c Hoa qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng N\u00f4ben v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, g\u1ea7n 200 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga, \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00fd, Ph\u00e1p, v.v. tham […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7373"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7373\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}